Combined Rank Tests for Randomly Censored Paired Data
随机删失配对数据的组合秩检验AI 解读 ↓
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Many authors have dealt with the problem of extending ordinary two-sample rank tests to cases where censoring occurs. Albers and Akritas (1987) proposed simple tests for this purpose, based on the idea of making separate rankings for uncensored and censored observations and subsequently combining the resulting two rank statistics. Similarly, some papers appeared that studied the problem of censoring for the paired-data case rather than the two-sample case. This article indicates how the approach of Albers and Akritas can be adapted to the paired-data case. The tests involved are not based on the ranks of the differences, but the differences of the ranks in the pooled sample. In this way, use is made of interblock information. The asymptotic distribution of the new statistic is obtained under the null hypothesis and contiguous location alternatives. By way of example, Wilcoxon- and Savage-type scores are introduced that are optimal for logistic location and exponential scale alternatives, respectively. The two corresponding tests are applied to some real data, and comparisons are made with the results obtained with competing tests on the same data set.
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超越协方差的线性回归:高阶累积量中的潜在斜率谱
Least squares summarizes the joint distribution of a response and regressor through second-order information. When an observed regressor is composed of latent components carrying different relationships with the response, this summary can average over distinct linear effects. We study the additional linear information contained in higher-order mixed cumulants and formalize it through the latent slope spectrum. Ordinary least squares is a variance-weighted barycenter of this…
The conditional average treatment effect (CATE) is frequently estimated in clinical studies to refute a homogeneous treatment effect hypothesis. Under this regime, all patients making up the population experience identical benefit from a given treatment relative to a comparator. Uncovering heterogeneous treatment effects through inference about the CATE, however, requires that covariates truly modifying the treatment effect be reliably collected at baseline. CATE-based…