Knowledge spillovers in US patents: A dynamic patent intensity model with secret common innovation factors
美国专利的知识溢出：含隐秘共同创新因子的动态专利强度模型AI 解读 ↓
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美国专利的知识溢出：含隐秘共同创新因子的动态专利强度模型
- 研究问题
- 研发与专利申请之间的关系如何随时间变化，可观测及不可观测知识溢出又怎样影响不同企业的专利倾向？
- 方法与思路
- 作者构建动态计数面板模型，纳入企业固定或随机效应、动态溢出及异质作用的共同隐含知识成分，并用极大似然估计。
- 材料陈述的贡献
- 摘要称模型涵盖既有设定，能够控制研发内生性并一致估计；使用1979至2000年美国专利数据考察相关动态效应。
- 阅读关注点
- 应核对研发内生性的控制机制、共同知识成分的识别与动态设定，以及计数分布、企业异质性和极大似然条件。
- 阅读边界
- 所给材料为RePEc收录的出版社摘要，未说明控制内生性及一致性的具体条件，也未报告溢出效应大小或刊本变化。
原文摘要
During the past two decades, innovations protected by patents have played a key role in business strategies. This fact enhanced studies of the determinants of patents and the impact of patents on innovation and competitive advantage. Sustaining competitive advantages is as important as creating them. Patents help sustaining competitive advantages by increasing the production cost of competitors, by signaling a better quality of products and by serving as barriers to entry. If patents are rewards for innovation, more R&D should be reflected in more patent applications but this is not the end of the story. There is empirical evidence showing that patents through time are becoming easier to get and more valuable to the firm due to increasing damage awards from infringers. These facts question the constant and static nature of the relationship between R&D and patents. Furthermore, innovation creates important knowledge spillovers due to its imperfect appropriability. Our paper investigates these dynamic effects using US patent data from 1979 to 2000 with alternative model specifications for patent counts. We introduce a general dynamic count panel data model with dynamic observable and unobservable spillovers, which encompasses previous models, is able to control for the endogeneity of R&D and therefore can be consistently estimated by maximum likelihood. Apart from allowing for firm specific fixed and random effects, we introduce a common unobserved component, or secret stock of knowledge, that affects differently the propensity to patent of each firm across sectors due to their different absorptive capacity.