Data assimilation with the 2D Navier–Stokes equations: Optimal Gaussian asymptotics for the posterior measure
二维 Navier–Stokes 方程的数据同化:后验测度的最优高斯渐近性质AI 解读 ↓
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二维 Navier–Stokes 方程的数据同化:后验测度的最优高斯渐近性质AI 解读 ↓
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A functional Bernstein–von Mises theorem is proved for posterior measures arising in a data assimilation problem with the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equation where a Gaussian process prior is assigned to the initial condition of the system. The posterior measure, which provides the update in the space of all trajectories arising from a discrete sample of the (deterministic) dynamics, is shown to be approximated by a Gaussian random vector field obtained as the solution to a linear parabolic PDE with Gaussian initial condition. The approximation holds in the strong sense of the supremum norm on the regression functions, showing that predicting future states of Navier–Stokes systems admits 1/ N-consistent estimators even for commonly used nonparametric models. Consequences for coverage of credible bands and uncertainty quantification are discussed. A local asymptotic minimax theorem is derived that describes the lower bound for estimating the state of the nonlinear system, which is shown to be attained by the Bayesian data assimilation algorithm.