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一般线性模型中响应变量的测量误差

研究问题
当响应变量的代理测量具有非线性均值、异方差及随观测变化的误差参数时,如何估计回归关系并正确评估不确定性?
方法与思路
作者用独立校准数据估计测量误差模型,研究完全与伪极大似然,并把插补分析纳入一般估计量框架。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称给出相关估计量的渐近性质,分析插补估计的系数与方差偏差,并提出协方差估计和标准误调整方法。
阅读关注点
应核对校准样本与主样本的关系、分布假设、误差参数变化机制,以及校准参数估计的不确定性如何传递。
阅读边界
仅据版本未注明的索引摘要;具体分布和识别条件未说明,不能断言插补无偏、调整普遍有效或刊本内容相同。

原文摘要

Problems where there is measurement error in the response variable in a general linear model are considered. With Y denoting the true value and U the observed/surrogate value, a rich class of measurement error models is considered in which (a) the mean of U given Y = y can be either linear or nonlinear in y, (b) the variance of U given Y = y can depend on y, and (c) the parameters in the model for U given Y can change across observations in the study. This could occur, for example, when using a radioimmunoassay to measure the outcome variable with recalibration for each batch of reagents. The parameters in the measurement error models are estimated using independent “calibration” data. Full and pseudo—maximum likelihood estimators (MLE's) and their asymptotic properties are described under distributional assumptions. The pseudo-MLE's and naive estimates using imputed values are special cases of a general class of estimators. The asymptotic properties of such estimators are given and then used to derive detailed results about the performance of analyses based on imputed values. This includes an assessment of bias in estimation of the coefficients and the variance and the development of an asymptotic covariance matrix of the estimated coefficients and ways to estimate it. This approach leads to modification of the standard errors obtained using imputed values.

笔记与分组