Partial Identification from Bunching at Kinks and Notches
利用折点与跳点处聚集行为进行部分识别AI 解读 ↓
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利用折点与跳点处聚集行为进行部分识别AI 解读 ↓
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This paper proposes a partial identification approach to using choices around a kink or notch as a means to overcome endogeneity in a general nonparametric choice model. I show that observed choices are informative about the joint distribution of two counterfactual choices, which leads naturally to analyzing bunching using tools from causal inference. I define as the parameter of interest an average treatment effect among bunchers, which nests the traditional elasticity parameter while allowing for heterogeneity in responsiveness. Identification of the buncher ATE (and hence the elasticity) requires the researcher to extrapolate the distribution of each counterfactual choice beyond where it is observed. I introduce a flexible family of nonparametric shape restrictions to obtain partial identification, and propose a method for empirical validation of this approach using changes in the location of the kink/notch or using the distribution from another comparison group. I find that a log-concavity version of the distributional assumption is widely---though not universally---supported across the empirical literature, and leads to informative bounds in a canonical tax kink application. The approach accommodates diffuse bunching, at the expense of wider bounds.
正值性违反下修正处理政策的因果效应:部分识别方法
Modified treatment policies (MTPs) are interventions based on each individual's natural treatment value. We study mean outcomes under MTPs for continuous treatments, including exposure mixtures. Positivity is the standard sufficient condition for identifying these mean outcomes without extrapolation: policy-generated values remain supported given covariates. With multivariate treatments or continuous covariates, treatment--covariate combinations can be sparse or unsupported.…
部分识别因果效应的模型无关协变量辅助推断
Many causal estimands are only partially identifiable since they depend on the unobservable joint distribution between potential outcomes. Stratification on pretreatment covariates can yield sharper bounds; however, unless the covariates are discrete with relatively small support, this approach typically requires binning covariates or estimating the conditional distributions of potential outcomes given the covariates. Binning can result in substantial efficiency loss and…
利用代理变量对因果效应进行部分识别
Proximal causal inference is a framework for evaluating the causal effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding. For point identification, it leverages a pair of proxy variables to identify a bridge function that matches the dependence of potential outcomes or treatment variables on the hidden factors to corresponding functions of observed proxies. Unique identification requires that proxies are sufficiently relevant for hidden factors, a requirement that has previously…
处理内生性下样本选择模型的锐界与推断
This paper provides partial identification and inference for treatment effects in nonparametric sample selection models with endogenous treatment and (weak) sample selection monotonicity. Outcomes are observed only for a non-randomly selected subsample and treatment is endogenous because of noncompliance with assignment. The proposed bounds for intensive margin treatment effects among compliers are sharp and tighter than those of Chen and Flores (2015). For inference, we…
无重叠情况下的平均处理效应界
The average treatment effect (ATE), the mean difference in potential outcomes under treatment and control, is a canonical causal effect. Overlap, which says that all subjects have non-zero probability of either treatment status, is necessary to identify and estimate the ATE. When overlap fails, the standard solution is to change the estimand, and target a trimmed effect in a subpopulation satisfying overlap. When the outcome is bounded, we demonstrate that this compromise is…
有序结果的因果推断:基于 Copula 的识别、估计与敏感性分析
In causal inference with ordinal outcomes, several interpretable estimands are functions of the probability that the potential outcome under one treatment is larger than that under another treatment for the same unit. This probability depends on the joint distribution of both potential outcomes and is generally not identifiable. Existing work has focused on sharp bounds of this probability based on partial identification, but bounds are often too wide to be informative. We…