Rerandomization for quantile treatment effects
分位数处理效应的再随机化设计与推断AI 解读 ↓
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分位数处理效应的再随机化设计与推断AI 解读 ↓
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Although complete randomization is widely regarded as the gold standard for causal inference, covariate imbalance can still arise by chance in finite samples. Rerandomization has emerged as an effective tool to improve covariate balance across treatment groups and enhance the precision of causal effect estimation. While existing work focuses on average treatment effects, quantile treatment effects (QTEs) provide a richer characterization of treatment heterogeneity by capturing distributional shifts in outcomes, which is crucial for policy evaluation and equity-oriented research. In this article, we establish the asymptotic properties of the QTE estimator under rerandomization within a finite-population framework, without imposing any distributional or modeling assumptions on the covariates or outcomes.The estimator exhibits a non-Gaussian asymptotic distribution, represented as a linear combination of Gaussian and truncated Gaussian random variables. To facilitate inference, we propose a conservative variance estimator and construct corresponding confidence interval. Our theoretical analysis demonstrates that rerandomization improves efficiency over complete randomization under mild regularity conditions. Simulation studies further support the theoretical findings and illustrate the practical advantages of rerandomization for QTE estimation.
The conditional average treatment effect (CATE) is frequently estimated in clinical studies to refute a homogeneous treatment effect hypothesis. Under this regime, all patients making up the population experience identical benefit from a given treatment relative to a comparator. Uncovering heterogeneous treatment effects through inference about the CATE, however, requires that covariates truly modifying the treatment effect be reliably collected at baseline. CATE-based…
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