Decision Theoretic Subgroup Detection With Bayesian Machine Learning
基于贝叶斯机器学习的决策论亚组发现AI 解读 ↓
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基于贝叶斯机器学习的决策论亚组发现AI 解读 ↓
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We consider the problem of identifying promising subpopulations in terms of treatment effectiveness or treatment effect heterogeneity, from a Bayesian decision theoretic perspective. We first show that a straight-forward application of Bayesian decision theory to subgroup detection leads to a counter-intuitive risk-seeking (RS) behavior. Motivated by this observation, we introduce the Bayesian Risk-Aware Inference and Detection of Subgroups (BRAIDS) utility and use it to perform subgroup selection and post selection inference. The BRAIDS utility interpolates between risk-seeking (RS) and risk-averse (RA) identifications of subgroups, with a variant of the virtual twins algorithm as its risk-neutral midpoint. We also argue that effective subgroup estimation and inference requires the use of regularization priors to safeguard inferences from the winner's curse. We provide empirical evidence that posterior credible intervals for subgroup effects can still obtain nominal coverage levels, provided that an appropriate prior distribution is chosen. The proposed framework is illustrated on data from clinical trial assessing the efficacy of canagliflozin as a treatment for type 2 diabetes.
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This paper proposes a simple, novel, and fully-Bayesian approach for causal inference in partially linear models with high-dimensional control variables. Off-the-shelf machine learning methods can introduce biases in the causal parameter known as regularization-induced confounding. To address this, we propose a Bayesian Double Machine Learning (BDML) method, which modifies a standard Bayesian multivariate regression model and recovers the causal effect of interest from the…
用贝叶斯决策树集成估计异质性因果中介效应
The causal inference literature has increasingly recognized that targeting treatment effect heterogeneity can lead to improved scientific understanding and policy recommendations. Similarly, studying the causal pathway connecting the treatment to the outcome can be useful. We address these problems in the context of causal mediation analysis . We introduce a varying coefficient model based on Bayesian additive regression trees to estimate and regularize heterogeneous causal…