Microfoundations and the Causal Interpretation of Price-Exposure Designs
价格暴露设计的微观基础与因果解释AI 解读 ↓
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AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要核心是地区价格暴露工具变量设计的因果解释与推断;虽涉及总量冲击,但未采用 VAR 或局部投影。
价格暴露设计的微观基础与因果解释AI 解读 ↓
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This paper studies regional exposure designs that use commodity prices as instruments to study local effects of aggregate shocks. Unlike standard shift share designs that leverage differential exposure to many shocks, the price exposure relies on exogenous variation from a single shock, leading to challenges for both identification and inference. We motivate the design using a multi sector labor model. Under the model and a potential outcomes framework, we characterize the 2SLS and TWFE estimands as weighted averages of region and sector specific effects plus contamination terms driven by the covariance structure of prices and by general-equilibrium output responses. We derive conditions under which these estimands have a clear causal interpretation and provide simple sensitivity analysis procedures for violations. Finally, we show that standard inference procedures suffer from an overrejection problem in price-exposure designs. We derive a new standard error estimator and show its desirable finite-sample properties through Monte Carlo simulations. In an application to gold mining and homicides in the Amazon, the price exposure standard errors are roughly twice as large as conventional clustered standard errors, making the main effect statistically insignificant.