A Generalization of a Nonparametric Test for Stochastically Ordered Distributions to Censored Survival Data
随机序分布非参数检验向删失生存数据的推广AI 解读 ↓
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随机序分布非参数检验向删失生存数据的推广AI 解读 ↓
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SUMMARY Currently used test statistics for stochastically increasing survival times in a k-sample problem are linear combinations of either Gehan (generalized Wilcoxon) or generalized Savage score sums. The power of these tests depends on a priori knowledge about the true form of the alternative. When isotonic regression is applied to these score sums, it yields a new trend test for right-censored survival data which generalizes to left-truncated survival data and to counting processes. In a Monte Carlo study, its empirical power is at least comparable with that of the linear trend tests in their standard form (without prior information), and it is markedly superior if only the last survival distribution turns out to be stochastically smaller or larger than the control distribution.
Conditional distribution equality testing is a core problem with applications in causal inference, model diagnostics, and transfer learning. Existing methods often lose power when the conditioning variable is high-dimensional. We propose a new test that leverages generative models to compare conditional distributions using both observed data and synthetic samples. A sample-splitting and studentization scheme is introduced to control estimation error. Under the null, the test…
Principal stratification (PS) is a commonly used approach for understanding the mechanisms through which a treatment affects an outcome. The goal of this work is to extend the PS framework to studies with continuous treatments, which introduces a number of both challenges and opportunities in terms of defining causal effects and performing inference. This manuscript provides multiple key methodological contributions: 1) we introduce principal causal estimands for continuous…
We propose Multivariate Lévy Adaptive B-Spline Regression (MLABS), a Bayesian nonparametric regression model designed to capture nonlinear effects, interactions, and locally varying features of multivariate functions. MLABS represents the regression function as a random sum of low-order tensor-product B-spline basis functions under a finite Lévy random measure prior. The resulting representation adapts to the complexity and local structure of the regression function while…
We develop a semiparametric continuous time inferential framework for testing cumulative treatment effects, including both immediate and carryover effects. The latent state process is modeled by an ordinary differential equation (ODE) whose drift depends on state and treatment, while the observed data are noisy measurements of this latent state at irregular, multi resolution time points. We define the average treatment effect (ATE) as the difference of expected cumulative…
We study inference for continuous linear functionals of solutions to ill-posed inverse problems, including Euclidean parameters arising in nonparametric instrumental variables, proximal causal inference, and shadow-variable models. Although pointwise root-$n$ inference is possible under standard conditions, we show that this need not translate into locally reliable inference. Under a model imposing only minimal regularity conditions, the target is Hellinger discontinuous…
Motivation: Mediation analysis is an important tool for elucidating causal mechanisms in biomedical research and has recently gained increasing attention in microbiome studies. Motivated by a microbiome study of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, we investigate whether the effect of induction chemotherapy intensity on infection status is mediated through gut microbial taxa. This problem poses substantial methodological challenges due to the high dimensionality, zero…