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分类依据与纠错

AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要围绕自适应临床试验的处理效应估计及设计引起的偏差展开,直接对应因果推断方向。

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代码、数据与补充材料

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关注这篇论文的作者
David S. Robertson
Munya Dimairo
Laura Flight
Philip Pallmann
Thomas Jaki

自适应试验设计的点估计(一):方法综述

研究问题
试验过程中的自适应调整为何可能使常规处理效应点估计产生偏差,现有方法如何消除或减轻这种偏差?
方法与思路
作者综述自适应设计的处理效应点估计方法,按无偏与减偏策略及设计类型分类,并比较方法、软件和代码资源。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称系统整理相关估计方法、实现资源及文献缺口;作为系列第一部分,主要提供方法综述,实践指南由第二部分展开。
阅读关注点
核对各种方法处理哪些自适应规则、无偏性针对何种重复抽样机制,以及偏差、方差和均方误差之间的取舍。
阅读边界
这是 arXiv 预印本,不能据此认定已同行评审或获期刊接收;摘要未列具体估计式和比较数值,不能认定某方法普遍最优。

原文摘要

Recent FDA guidance on adaptive clinical trial designs defines bias as "a systematic tendency for the estimate of treatment effect to deviate from its true value", and states that it is desirable to obtain and report estimates of treatment effects that reduce or remove this bias. The conventional end-of-trial point estimates of the treatment effects are prone to bias in many adaptive designs, because they do not take into account the potential and realised trial adaptations. While much of the methodological developments on adaptive designs have tended to focus on control of type I error rates and power considerations, in contrast the question of biased estimation has received relatively less attention. This paper is the first in a two-part series that studies the issue of potential bias in point estimation for adaptive trials. Part I provides a comprehensive review of the methods to remove or reduce the potential bias in point estimation of treatment effects for adaptive designs, while part II illustrates how to implement these in practice and proposes a set of guidelines for trial statisticians. The methods reviewed in this paper can be broadly classified into unbiased and bias-reduced estimation, and we also provide a classification of estimators by the type of adaptive design. We compare the proposed methods, highlight available software and code, and discuss potential methodological gaps in the literature.

笔记与分组
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