Response and Sequencing Errors in Surveys: A Discrete Contagious Regression Analysis
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调查中的回答与跳题顺序错误：离散传染回归分析
- 研究问题
- 调查跳题规则如何把初始回答或程序错误传播到后续题目，各类错误对可靠性的影响又如何随序列长度及人员特征变化？
- 方法与思路
- 作者用初始与诱发错误均服从泊松分布的复合分布建立离散传染回归，并应用于1984年 SIPP 再访项目数据。
- 材料陈述的贡献
- 摘要称诱发的顺序错误至少与初始错误同样重要，其相对重要性随序列长度增加，且不同错误类型与人员特征的关系不同。
- 阅读关注点
- 应核对错误的分类与再访测量、复合分布和回归强度的设定，以及序列长度关系与受访者、访员特征结果的稳健性。
- 阅读边界
- 仅据版本未注明的 OpenAlex 索引摘要；误差识别与模型条件未说明，人员特征的回归关联不能直接解释为因果影响。
原文摘要
Skip sequencing in surveys reduces costs but also acts as a mechanism of contagion in transmitting error from one survey item to subsequent items. The error process is modeled as a contagious, stochastic one in which both the initiating and induced errors follow the Poisson distribution. The resulting compound distribution, first used by Thomas in 1949, is then used as the basis of a discrete contagious regression model in which characteristics of respondents, subject individuals, and interviewers are allowed to affect the intensity of both initiating and induced errors. The model is applied to data from the 1984 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) Reinterview Program. The results suggest that induced-sequencing errors are at least as important a source of losses in reliability as are initiating-response or spontaneous-procedural errors. The relative importance of induced-sequencing errors is directly proportional to the sequence length. Because the relationships between individual characteristics and the various types of error differ significantly, conclusions based on narrow definitions of response errors do not necessarily generalize when sequencing errors are included. The regression estimates suggest that older and less educated respondents provide less reliable data. Older female interviewers, however, are found to obtain more reliable data.