OPTIMAL INFERENCE WITH MANY INSTRUMENTS
多工具变量情形下的最优推断AI 解读 ↓
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多工具变量情形下的最优推断AI 解读 ↓
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In this paper, I derive the efficiency bound of the structural parameter in a linear simultaneous equations model with many instruments. The bound is derived by applying a convolution theorem to Bekker's (1994, Econometrica 62, 657–681) asymptotic approximation, where the number of instruments grows to infinity at the same rate as the sample size. Usual instrumental variables estimators with a small number of instruments are heuristically argued to be efficient estimators in the sense that their asymptotic distribution is minimal. Bayesian estimators based on parameter orthogonalization are heuristically argued to be inefficient.
工具变量问题的半参数贝叶斯方法
We develop a Bayesian semi-parametric approach to the instrumental variable problem. We assume linear structural and reduced form equations, but model the error distributions non-parametrically. A Dirichlet process prior is used for the joint distribution of structural and instrumental variable equations errors. Our implementation of the Dirichlet process prior uses a normal distribution as a base model. It can therefore be interpreted as modeling the unknown joint…
无须结构方程的非参数工具变量分析:无精确解逆问题的泛函去偏推断
We consider debiased inference on finite-dimensional functionals of infinite-dimensional least-squares solutions to inverse problems as a way to avoid having to assume exact solutions exist. Such assumptions are substantive and not innocuous, and their failure may imperil inference when we impose them on the statistical model. Our approach instead allows us to conduct inference on a quantity that is defined regardless of solutions existing and coincides with the usual…
非参数工具变量估计泛函推断的惩罚 GMM 框架
This paper develops a penalized GMM (PGMM) framework for automatic debiased inference on functionals of nonparametric instrumental variable estimators. We derive convergence rates for the PGMM estimator and provide conditions for root-n consistency and asymptotic normality of debiased functional estimates, covering both linear and nonlinear functionals. Monte Carlo experiments on average derivative show that the PGMM-based debiased estimator performs on par with the…
利用大量弱交互矩的构造性工具变量识别与推断
Instrumental variable methods are widely used for causal inference, but identification becomes especially challenging when instruments are weak and potentially invalid. These challenges are particularly pronounced in Mendelian randomization, where genetic variants serve as instruments and violations of exclusion restriction or independence assumptions are common. We propose MAGIC, a constructive and assumption-lean framework that achieves identification even when all…
多弱工具变量下的非参数工具变量推断
We study inference on linear functionals in the nonparametric instrumental variable (NPIV) problem with a discretely-valued instrument under a many-weak-instruments asymptotic regime, where the number of instrument values grows with the sample size. A key motivating example is estimating long-term causal effects in a new experiment with only short-term outcomes, using past experiments to instrument for the effect of short- on long-term outcomes. Here, the assignment to a…
非参数工具变量模型中的自适应最优速率假设检验
We propose a new adaptive hypothesis test for inequality (e.g., monotonicity, convexity) and equality (e.g., parametric, semiparametric) restrictions on a structural function in a nonparametric instrumental variables (NPIV) model. Our test statistic is based on a modified leave-one-out sample analog of a quadratic distance between the restricted and unrestricted sieve two-stage least squares estimators. We provide computationally simple, data-driven choices of sieve tuning…