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分类依据与纠错

AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要围绕治疗的个体获益指标展开,并明确依赖秩保持假设进行预测个体效应计算,因此与因果效应解释直接相关。

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关注这篇论文的作者
Simon Wandel
Kannan Natarajan
Emmanuel Zuber

生存数据的预测个体效应

研究问题
在治疗作用随时间变化的生存试验中,如何提供以患者为中心、易于解释的临床获益指标,补充风险比和中位生存差?
方法与思路
作者提出预测个体效应,在秩保持假设下通过标准预测计算获得该指标,并讨论四项涵盖比例与非比例风险的肿瘤试验。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称该指标在延迟治疗作用及生存曲线交叉等情形下提供额外信息,有助于临床人员、患者与其他参与方理解治疗获益。
阅读关注点
应核对预测个体效应的精确定义、秩保持假设的含义与可检验性,以及指标的不确定性表达和四项试验中的计算方式。
阅读边界
这是 arXiv 预印本,同行评审或期刊接收未核实。摘要未说明完整计算公式及推断方法,个体效应解释依赖其秩保持假设。

原文摘要

The call for patient-focused drug development is loud and clear, as expressed in the 21st Century Cures Act and in recent guidelines and initiatives of regulatory agencies. Among the factors contributing to modernized drug development and improved health-care activities are easily interpretable measures of clinical benefit. In addition, special care is needed for cancer trials with time-to-event endpoints if the treatment effect is not constant over time. We propose the predictive individual effect which is a patient-centric and tangible measure of clinical benefit under a wide variety of scenarios. It can be obtained by standard predictive calculations under a rank preservation assumption that has been used previously in trials with treatment switching. We discuss four recent Oncology trials that cover situations with proportional as well as non-proportional hazards (delayed treatment effect or crossing of survival curves). It is shown that the predictive individual effect offers valuable insights beyond p-values, estimates of hazard ratios or differences in median survival. Compared to standard statistical measures, the predictive individual effect is a direct, easily interpretable measure of clinical benefit. It facilitates communication among clinicians, patients, and other parties and should therefore be considered in addition to standard statistical results.

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