Expected Kullback-Leibler-based characterizations of score-driven updates
基于期望 KL 散度的得分驱动更新刻画AI 解读 ↓
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Score-driven (SD) models are a standard tool in statistics and econometrics, with applications in hundreds of published articles in the past decade. We provide an information-theoretic characterization of SD updates based on reductions in the expected Kullback-Leibler (EKL) divergence relative to the true -- but unknown -- data-generating density. EKL reductions occur if and only if the expected update direction aligns with the expected score; i.e., their inner product should be positive. This equivalence condition uniquely identifies SD updates (including scaled or clipped variants) as being EKL reducing, even in non-concave, multivariate, and misspecified settings. We further derive explicit bounds on admissible learning rates in terms of score moments, linking SD methods to adaptive optimization techniques. By contrast, alternative performance measures in the literature impose stronger conditions (e.g., concave logarithmic densities) and do not characterize SD updates: other updating rules may improve these measures, while SD updates need not. Our results provide a rigorous justification for SD models and establish EKL as their natural information-theoretic foundation.
Mendelian randomization (MR) infers causal effects of exposures on outcomes using genetic variants as instrumental variables, but existing methods remain vulnerable to bias and loss of power when instruments are invalid. We hypothesize that closely related outcome traits share a large overlap in their valid instruments for a given exposure, so that borrowing instruments across such traits can yield more robust MR inference. To operationalize this, we introduce a novel…
This article develops an identification framework for heterogeneous policy effects when individual-level data are available only in the treated jurisdiction. The framework combines outcome changes from repeated cross-sections within that jurisdiction with a population-average effect identified from aggregate panel data. Under conditional relative parallel trends and overlap, this information identifies subgroup effects standardized to the treated jurisdiction's overall…
Normality pre-tests on reduced-form innovations cannot detect whether two or more underlying structural shocks are Gaussian, and hence cannot detect a failure of identification in non-Gaussian SVARs. We propose a bootstrap-based approach that reveals such a failure. Under the null of valid identification and certain regularity conditions, the conditional bootstrap distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator of the impact matrix is asymptotically normal, so the…
Principal stratification (PS) is a commonly used approach for understanding the mechanisms through which a treatment affects an outcome. The goal of this work is to extend the PS framework to studies with continuous treatments, which introduces a number of both challenges and opportunities in terms of defining causal effects and performing inference. This manuscript provides multiple key methodological contributions: 1) we introduce principal causal estimands for continuous…
度量统计视角下的随机集
Since the seminal work by Beresteanu and Molinari(2008), the random set theory and related inference methods have been widely applied in partially identified econometric models. Meanwhile, there is an emerging field in statistics for studying random objects in metric spaces, called metric statistics. This paper clarifies a relationship between two fundamental concepts in these literatures, the Aumann and Fréchet means, and presents some applications of metric statistics to…
Background: Generalized Odds (Gen Odds) provide summaries for ordinal outcomes without requiring the proportional odds assumption. However, conventional Gen Odds compares independently drawn treatment and control outcomes and targets a population-level contrast rather than an individual-level contrast. We developed an individual-level causal formulation of Gen Odds and examined its identification. Methods: We defined the Causal Gen Odds using the joint distribution of…