Bayesian Propensity Score-Augmented Latent Factor Models for Causal Inference with Time-Series Cross-Sectional Data
用于时间序列截面数据因果推断的贝叶斯倾向得分增强潜因子模型AI 解读 ↓
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用于时间序列截面数据因果推断的贝叶斯倾向得分增强潜因子模型AI 解读 ↓
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We propose a Bayesian propensity score-augmented latent factor model for causal inference with time-series cross-sectional data. The framework explicitly models the treatment assignment mechanism by incorporating latent factor loadings, while the outcome model flexibly incorporates the propensity score, for example through stratification. Relative to existing approaches, the proposed method provides greater flexibility and captures additional heterogeneity across propensity-score strata, enabling more credible comparisons between treated and control units within each stratum. For estimation and inference, we adopt an approximate Bayesian procedure to address the model feedback problem common in Bayesian propensity score analysis. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed method through Monte Carlo simulations and an empirical application examining the effect of political connections on firm value.
从控制到处理:超越已观测面板的因果预测
Conventional panel data methods recover retrospective counterfactuals within the observed horizon. Many policy decisions, however, are prospective: how would an untreated unit evolve beyond the observed panel under an intervention it has not previously experienced? We develop a causal forecasting framework that combines the counterfactual logic of synthetic controls with multivariate time-series extrapolation. Under a latent factor model, we impose low-rank structure on the…
存在溢出效应的合成控制方法:识别与贝叶斯推断
The synthetic control method (SCM) is widely used for causal inference with panel data, particularly when the number of treated units is small. It relies on the stable unit treatment value assumption (SUTVA), ruling out spillover effects. However, interventions often affect not only treated but also untreated units. This study proposes a novel panel data method that extends standard SCM to account for spillovers and estimate both treatment and spillover effects. The approach…
稳健贝叶斯因果推断
This paper develops a Bayesian framework for robust causal inference from longitudinal observational data. Many contemporary methods rely on structural assumptions, such as factor models, to adjust for unobserved confounding, but they can lead to biased causal estimands when mis-specified. We focus on directly estimating time--unit--specific causal effects and use generalised Bayesian inference to quantify model mis-specification and adjust for it, while retaining…
经济预测中的L2松弛方法
We leverage an ensemble of many regressors, the number of which can exceed the sample size, for economic prediction. An underlying latent factor structure implies a dense regression model with highly correlated covariates. We propose the L2-relaxation method for estimating the regression coefficients and extrapolating the out-of-sample (OOS) outcomes. This framework can be applied to policy evaluation using the panel data approach (PDA), where we further establish inference…
一般缺失模式下高维因子模型的推断
This paper establishes the inferential theory for the least squares estimation of large factor models with missing data. We propose a unified framework for asymptotic analysis of factor models that covers a wide range of missing patterns, including heterogenous random missing, selection on covariates/factors/loadings, block/staggered missing, mixed frequency and ragged edge. We establish the average convergence rates of the estimated factor space and loading space, the limit…
基于随机森林的面板数据政策评价方法
ABSTRACT It is challenging to conduct controlled experiments to assess the impacts of social policy. To address this, past studies propose a panel data approach using factor models to estimate average treatment effects. The selection of control units is a critical step to balance the goodness of fit within‐sample with the posttreatment forecasting error when the number of observed potential control units is large. In this study, we propose using random forests, an ensemble…