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分类依据与纠错

AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要研究内生解释变量的效应识别,以无效工具变量及新的效应不相关假设处理内生性,直接对应因果推断。

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代码、数据与补充材料

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关注这篇论文的作者
Michal Kolesár
Raj Chetty
John Friedman
Edward Glaeser
Guido W. Imbens

大量无效工具变量下的识别与推断

研究问题
当与内生解释变量相关的辅助变量同时直接影响结果、从而违反工具变量排除限制时,如何识别并推断该解释变量的效应?
方法与思路
作者假定工具变量对结果的直接效应与其对内生变量的效应不相关,据此修改偏差校正的两阶段最小二乘估计,并采用适配多工具变量情形的过度识别检验。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称该条件下 LIML 不再一致,修改后的偏差校正 TSLS 则一致;过度识别检验可用于检验直接效应,并以两项应用说明比较估计结果的意义。
阅读关注点
核对“不相关”假设的精确定义与经济含义、修改后估计量的构造、工具变量数量的渐近设定,以及检验拒绝或未拒绝分别能够支持何种解释。
阅读边界
一致性结论依赖新识别假设及其他条件;摘要未列出完整正则条件、推断细节或应用背景,也不足以验证实际应用中的效应不相关假设。

原文摘要

We study estimation and inference in settings where the interest is in the effect of a potentially endogenous regressor on some outcome. To address the endogeneity, we exploit the presence of additional variables. Like conventional instrumental variables, these variables are correlated with the endogenous regressor. However, unlike conventional instrumental variables, they also have direct effects on the outcome, and thus are “invalid” instruments. Our novel identifying assumption is that the direct effects of these invalid instruments are uncorrelated with the effects of the instruments on the endogenous regressor. We show that in this case the limited-information-maximum-likelihood (liml) estimator is no longer consistent, but that a modification of the bias-corrected two-stage-least-square (tsls) estimator is consistent. We also show that conventional tests for over-identifying restrictions, adapted to the many instruments setting, can be used to test for the presence of these direct effects. We recommend that empirical researchers carry out such tests and compare estimates based on liml and the modified version of bias-corrected tsls. We illustrate in the context of two applications that such practice can be illuminating, and that our novel identifying assumption has substantive empirical content.

笔记与分组