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关注这篇论文的作者
Samir Khan
Johan Ugander

逆概率加权估计的自适应归一化

研究问题
逆概率加权能否在按样本量和按权重和归一化之间自适应选择,以降低方差并改善均值、处理效应及策略学习?
方法与思路
作者研究两种归一化项仿射组合形成的估计量族,通过数据依赖的渐近方差最小化构造迭代自适应估计。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称均值估计的渐近方差不高于HT或Hájek,并提出保留AIPW效率与策略遗憾界的扩展,模拟显示有限样本改善。
阅读关注点
应核对归一化优化与迭代收敛条件、方差支配结论的范围,以及扩展方法保留效率和策略遗憾界所需假设。
阅读边界
这是arXiv预印本,同行评审与期刊接收未核实;均值估计的方差结论不能直接推广为所有扩展都有限样本占优。

原文摘要

Inverse probability weighting (IPW) is a general tool in survey sampling and causal inference, used both in Horvitz-Thompson estimators, which normalize by the sample size, and Hájek/self-normalized estimators, which normalize by the sum of the inverse probability weights. In this work we study a family of IPW estimators, first proposed by Trotter and Tukey in the context of Monte Carlo problems, that are normalized by an affine combination of these two terms. We show how selecting an estimator from this family in a data-dependent way to minimize asymptotic variance leads to an iterative procedure that converges to an estimator with connections to regression control methods. We refer to this estimator as an adaptively normalized estimator. For mean estimation in survey sampling, this estimator has asymptotic variance that is never worse than the Horvitz--Thompson or Hájek estimators, and is smaller except in edge cases. Going further, we show that adaptive normalization can be used to propose improvements of the augmented IPW (AIPW) estimator, average treatment effect (ATE) estimators, and policy learning objectives. Appealingly, these proposals preserve both the asymptotic efficiency of AIPW and the regret bounds for policy learning with IPW objectives, and deliver consistent finite sample improvements in simulations for all three of mean estimation, ATE estimation, and policy learning.

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