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AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要明确研究结构嵌套均值模型中的治疗效应修饰及选择后推断,直接属于因果推断。

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关注这篇论文的作者
Ajmery Jaman
Ashkan Ertefaie
Michèle Bally
Renée Lévesque
Robert W. Platt

惩罚 G 估计的有效选择后推断

研究问题
在高维协变量中由数据选择治疗效应修饰变量后,如何对结构嵌套均值模型中的近端治疗效应异质性进行有效推断?
方法与思路
作者扩展两种选择后推断方法用于惩罚 G 估计,以模拟比较其与朴素夹心方差推断的表现,并应用于重复透析结局。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称两种方法具有渐近有效性,并通过模拟和血液透析滤过研究展示效应修饰变量发现后的不确定性量化。
阅读关注点
核对两种推断方法的具体构造、选择后的目标参数、渐近条件,以及重复治疗记录中的混杂处理和相关性处理方式。
阅读边界
这是 arXiv 预印本,同行评审与期刊接收均未核验;摘要未说明两种方法的名称、有效性条件及有限样本比较数值。

原文摘要

Understanding treatment effect heterogeneity is important for decision making in medical and clinical practices, or handling various engineering and marketing challenges. When dealing with high-dimensional covariates or when the effect modifiers are not predefined and need to be discovered, data-adaptive selection approaches become essential. However, with data-driven model selection, the quantification of statistical uncertainty is complicated by post-selection inference due to difficulties in approximating the sampling distribution of the target estimator. Data-driven model selection tends to favor models with strong effect modifiers with an associated cost of inflated type I errors. Although several frameworks and methods for valid statistical inference have been proposed for ordinary least squares regression following data-driven model selection, fewer options exist for valid inference for effect modifier discovery in causal modeling contexts. In this article, we extend two different methods to develop valid inference for penalized G-estimation that investigates effect modification of proximal treatment effects within the structural nested mean model framework. We show the asymptotic validity of the proposed methods. Using extensive simulation studies, we evaluate and compare the finite sample performance of the proposed methods and the naive inference based on a sandwich variance estimator. Our work is motivated by the study of hemodiafiltration for treating patients with end-stage renal disease at the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal. We apply these methods to draw inference about the effect heterogeneity of dialysis facility on the repeated session-specific hemodiafiltration outcomes.

笔记与分组
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