Cumulative Marginal Mean Model for Assessing Sequential Effects Using Digital Health Data
利用数字健康数据评估序贯效应的累积边际均值模型AI 解读 ↓
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利用数字健康数据评估序贯效应的累积边际均值模型AI 解读 ↓
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Mobile health (mHealth) leverages digital technologies, such as mobile phones, to capture objective, frequent, and real-world digital phenotypes from individuals, enabling the delivery of tailored interventions to accommodate substantial between-subject and temporal heterogeneity. However, evaluating heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) using digital phenotype data is challenging because treatments are delivered dynamically over time and may generate carryover effects that persist beyond the immediate response. Additionally, modeling observational data is complicated by confounding factors. To address these challenges, we propose a double machine learning (DML) method for estimating time-varying HTEs using digital phenotypes under a cumulative marginal mean model that separates current instantaneous effects from lagged carryover effects. Our approach uses a sequential estimation procedure together with Neyman-orthogonal scores to obtain robust inference for the time-varying HTEs. We establish the asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator. Extensive simulation studies validate the finite-sample performance of our approach, demonstrating the advantages of DML and the decomposition of treatment effects. We apply the method to an mHealth study of Parkinson's disease (PD), where we find that treatment is significantly more effective for younger patients. Our results highlight the potential of the proposed approach for advancing precision medicine in mHealth studies.
利用深度生存学习器估计生存结局的异质性处理效应
Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects in survival settings is complicated by right censoring as well as the time-varying nature of the estimand. While the conditional average treatment effect (CATE) provides a natural target, most existing approaches focus on a single prespecified time point and do not account for the temporal trajectory, leading to instability in estimation. We propose a deep survival learner (DSL) for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects with…
因果推断中的深度学习入门
This review systematizes the emerging literature for causal inference using deep neural networks under the potential outcomes framework. It provides an intuitive introduction on how deep learning can be used to estimate/predict heterogeneous treatment effects and extend causal inference to settings where confounding is non-linear, time varying, or encoded in text, networks, and images. To maximize accessibility, we also introduce prerequisite concepts from causal inference…
鞅 R 学习器:事件时间结果的时变异质性治疗效应估计
Biological research and clinical evidence suggest that treatment response may vary substantially along characteristics, such as comorbidities, genetic variants, environmental, or socio-economic factors. Future precision medicine requires accurate assessment of heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) to guide optimal clinical decisions at the individual level. We introduce a functional score framework that extends the traditional estimating equations for survival data to…
右删失或左截断生存数据中异质处理效应曲线的目标学习
In recent years, there has been growing interest in causal machine learning estimators for quantifying subject-specific effects of a binary treatment on time-to-event outcomes. Estimation approaches have been proposed which attenuate the inherent regularisation bias in machine learning predictions, with each of these estimators addressing measured confounding, right censoring, and in some cases, left truncation. However, the existing approaches are found to exhibit…
The conditional average treatment effect (CATE) is frequently estimated in clinical studies to refute a homogeneous treatment effect hypothesis. Under this regime, all patients making up the population experience identical benefit from a given treatment relative to a comparator. Uncovering heterogeneous treatment effects through inference about the CATE, however, requires that covariates truly modifying the treatment effect be reliably collected at baseline. CATE-based…
非正则情形下的交叉拟合:基于局部性的正态性与推断
Cross-fitting is routine in much of applied research. While conventional confidence intervals that ignore cross-fold dependence are asymptotically valid in several settings, they undercover in many applications that share a common form of nonregularity: from the classic cross-validation problem of testing whether a fitted model outperforms another, to testing for heterogeneous treatment effects with machine learning, to estimating the value of a potentially non-unique…