Generalized projection tests for function-valued parameters with applications to testing structural causal assumptions
函数值参数的广义投影检验及其在结构性因果假设检验中的应用AI 解读 ↓
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函数值参数的广义投影检验及其在结构性因果假设检验中的应用AI 解读 ↓
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Structural assumptions are central to the causal inference literature. In practice, it is often crucial to assess their validity or to test implications that follow from them. In many settings, such tests can be framed as evaluating whether a function-valued parameter equals zero. In this paper, we propose a class of generalized projection tests based on series estimators for function-valued parameters. We establish conditions under which the proposed tests are valid and illustrate their applicability through examples from the data fusion and instrumental variables literature. Our approach accommodates flexible machine learning methods for estimating nuisance parameters. In contrast to many existing approaches, the limiting distributions of the proposed test statistics are straightforward to compute under the null hypothesis. We apply our method to test the equality of conditional COVID-19 risk across vaccine arms in the COVID-19 Variant Immunologic Landscape (COVAIL) trial, and to test an instrumental variable compatibility condition in a study of the effect of family size on female labor supply.
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