Missing Endogenous Variables in Conditional Moment Restriction Models
条件矩限制模型中的内生变量缺失AI 解读 ↓
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条件矩限制模型中的内生变量缺失AI 解读 ↓
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We estimate finite-dimensional parameters in conditional moment restriction (CMR) models when at least one of the endogenous variables (outcomes and/or explanatory variables) in the model is missing for some individuals in the sample. We demonstrate that efficiency gains in estimation occur if and only if there is at least one endogenous variable—included in or excluded from the CMR model—that is nonmissing (observed for all individuals in the sample), which we show characterizes informative imputation. We propose a semiparametrically efficient estimator which is also “doubly robust.” To illustrate the insights our estimator can provide in empirical applications with large sample sizes, we artificially induce missingness in the female labor supply model of Angrist and Evans. Despite medium levels of missingness in female labor income (the outcome) and a sample size exceeding 200,000 observations, the inverse propensity score weighted generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator finds only a statistically insignificant negative effect of having a third child (the endogenous regressor) on labor income. In contrast, our efficient estimator yields point estimates of this effect that are not only comparable to the GMM estimates but are also statistically significant.
Two frequent approaches for identifying structural VARs are external instruments, which carry economic content but are often weak, and non-Gaussianity of the shocks, which provides statistical identification but carries no economic meaning. We combine the two strategies in a single generalized method of moments framework. This hybrid approach point-identifies the target shocks while also identifying the non-target shocks up to sign and ordering. Under suitable rank…
内生性检验:一种基于矩的贝叶斯方法
A standard assumption in the Bayesian estimation of linear regression models is that the regressors are exogenous in the sense that they are uncorrelated with the model error term. In practice, however, this assumption can be invalid. In this article, using the exponentially tilted empirical likelihood (ETEL) framework, we develop a Bayes factor test for endogeneity that compares a base model that is correctly specified under exogeneity but misspecified under endogeneity…
自删失模型下信息性缺失的纵向因果推断
Longitudinal observational data are often subject to informative missingness. For example, in healthcare research using electronic health records, covariates and outcomes are measured only when patients interact with the healthcare system. Whether these data are observed usually depends on the unobserved variable values themselves, introducing a common form of data missing not at random. We develop identification and estimation methods for the effects of longitudinal…
协变量漂移下外部有效性的简单稳健性度量
This paper studies the robustness of estimated policy effects to changes in the distribution of covariates, a key determinant of the external validity of (quasi)experimental results. I propose a novel robustness metric δ ∗ which measures the smallest covariate shift needed to invalidate an empirical claim about the policy effect (e.g., AT E > 0). I estimate δ ∗ via de-biased GMM, achieving a parametric rate of convergence while accommodating machine-learning estimators of…
多维聚类依赖下无需交叉拟合的去偏机器学习
This paper develops an asymptotic theory for two-step debiased machine learning (DML) estimators in generalised method of moments (GMM) models with general multiway clustered dependence, without relying on cross-fitting. While cross-fitting is commonly employed, it can be statistically inefficient and computationally burdensome when first-stage learners are complex and the effective sample size is governed by the number of independent clusters. We show that valid inference…
断点回归设计中的处理效应异质性检验
We propose a nonparametric test for unobserved treatment effect heterogeneity in regression discontinuity designs. Under the null of no unobserved heterogeneity, a transformed outcome that imputes treated potential outcomes for untreated units must have a continuous conditional distribution at the cutoff. We convert this implication into an integrated conditional-moment restriction using characteristic functions, thereby allowing the conditional local average treatment…