Why Are the Wealthiest So Wealthy? New Longitudinal Empirical Evidence and Implications for Theories of Wealth Inequality
最富者为何如此富有?新的纵向经验证据及其对财富不平等理论的启示AI 解读 ↓
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AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要使用行政面板数据研究财富积累的生命周期动态,并以结构模型评估财富不平等理论;主题涉及财富分布及头部家庭相对中位数的财富差异。分布标签不表示摘要提出分位数回归或分位数分解方法,结构模型标签也不等于已核实具体估计步骤。
最富者为何如此富有?新的纵向经验证据及其对财富不平等理论的启示AI 解读 ↓
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We study the lifecycle dynamics of wealth inequality using 1993-2019 Norwegian administrative panel data on wealth and income. Employing a novel budget-constraint approach, we decompose the excess wealth of the top 0.1% households relative to the median between ages 45 and 64 into higher saving rates (36%), inheritances (31%), returns (28%), and labor income (5%). One-quarter of the wealthiest—the “New Money”—start with negative wealth on average but accumulate rapidly through high labor income and exceptionally high saving rates and returns. The “Old Money” inherit substantial wealth and grow it through above-average though more modest saving and returns. We use these dynamic facts to evaluate five standard wealth inequality models. Although these models match cross-sectional wealth concentration, they fail to reproduce the distinct dynamics of New and Old Money. A heterogeneous entrepreneurship model with decreasing returns to scale technology and nonhomothetic preferences is consistent with the observed dynamics.