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分类依据与纠错

AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要直接讨论面板数据中的因果效应估计、不可观测个体异质性及 DML 调整,因此同时对应因果推断和面板数据。

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关注这篇论文的作者
Jonathan Fuhr
Dominik Papies

双重机器学习与面板数据:潜力、陷阱及可能的解决方案

研究问题
在存在不可观测个体异质性和非线性混杂的面板数据中,如何调整双重机器学习,并辨别交叉拟合与异质性处理各自带来的问题?
方法与思路
作者通过多种模拟比较面板 DML 的候选估计方法,考察交叉拟合独立性要求及异质性处理,并将相关随机效应预测模型用于 DML。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称模拟中交叉拟合假设违背对准确性影响较小,但多种方法未充分处理异质性;样本相对协变量数量较大时,相关随机效应表现准确。
阅读关注点
应核对模拟中的个体和时间维度、异质性与协变量的关系、交叉拟合划分方式,以及相关随机效应方法需要哪些建模限制。
阅读边界
这是 arXiv 预印本,同行评审及接收状态未核实;主要结论来自所设模拟,不能据此认定交叉拟合依赖问题普遍无害或方法普遍有效。

原文摘要

Estimating causal effect using machine learning (ML) algorithms can help to relax functional form assumptions if used within appropriate frameworks. However, most of these frameworks assume settings with cross-sectional data, whereas researchers often have access to panel data, which in traditional methods helps to deal with unobserved heterogeneity between units. In this paper, we explore how we can adapt double/debiased machine learning (DML) (Chernozhukov et al., 2018) for panel data in the presence of unobserved heterogeneity. This adaptation is challenging because DML's cross-fitting procedure assumes independent data and the unobserved heterogeneity is not necessarily additively separable in settings with nonlinear observed confounding. We assess the performance of several intuitively appealing estimators in a variety of simulations. While we find violations of the cross-fitting assumptions to be largely inconsequential for the accuracy of the effect estimates, many of the considered methods fail to adequately account for the presence of unobserved heterogeneity. However, we find that using predictive models based on the correlated random effects approach (Mundlak, 1978) within DML leads to accurate coefficient estimates across settings, given a sample size that is large relative to the number of observed confounders. We also show that the influence of the unobserved heterogeneity on the observed confounders plays a significant role for the performance of most alternative methods.

笔记与分组
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