Confidence intervals of treatment effects in panel data models with interactive fixed effects
交互固定效应面板模型中处理效应的置信区间AI 解读 ↓
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交互固定效应面板模型中处理效应的置信区间AI 解读 ↓
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We augment the factor-based estimation of treatment effects proposed by Bai and Ng (2021) with easy-to-implement and nonparametric confidence intervals of treatment effects on every treated unit at every post-treatment time. The construction of confidence intervals entails a residual-based bootstrap resampling procedure. This method does not rely on any parametric assumption on the distribution of idiosyncratic errors and it is robust to weak cross-sectional and time-series dependence among idiosyncratic errors. We prove the asymptotic validity of the proposed confidence intervals as the numbers of control units and pre-treatment times go to infinity. We also extend this method to cases where the common factors and covariates (if any) are unit root processes. Monte Carlo experiments show that the proposed confidence intervals are well-behaved in finite samples and outperform confidence intervals based on normal quantiles. Empirical applications with two classical datasets add informative confidence intervals to existing point estimates of treatment effects.
I study randomization inference for dynamic causal effects in panels with many units and few periods when treatment is endogenous and an instrument is as good as randomly assigned only through the innovations of a first-order autoregressive assignment mechanism with unknown persistence. The persistence is a nuisance parameter in two senses: it determines which weighted average of heterogeneous causal effects the instrumented local projection estimand measures, and it governs…
因子增强面板回归与方差加权处理效应
We revisit panel regressions with unobserved heterogeneity through the lens of variance-weighted average treatment effects. Building on established results for cross-sectional OLS and one-way fixed effects panels, we show that two-way panel estimators with latent factors, specifically the principal components estimator of Greenaway-McGrevy, Han and Sul (2012) and the interactive fixed effects estimator of Bai (2009), also converge to interpretable estimands under fully…
高维面板数据中的分位数处理效应
We introduce novel estimators for quantile causal effects with high dimensional panel data (large $N$ and $T$), where only one or a few units are affected by the intervention or policy. Our method extends the generalized synthetic control method \citep{xu_2017} from average treatment effects on the treated to quantile treatment effects on the treated, allowing the underlying factor structure to change across the quantile of the interested outcome distribution. Our method…
利用多结果面板数据进行个体因果推断
Policy evaluation in empirical microeconomics has been focusing on estimating the average treatment effect and more recently the heterogeneous treatment effects, often relying on the unconfoundedness assumption. We propose a method based on the interactive fixed effects model to estimate treatment effects at the individual level, which allows both the treatment assignment and the potential outcomes to be correlated with the unobserved individual characteristics. This method…
无对照组两时点数据的重抽样因果推断及健康风险应用
Two-point time-series data, characterized by baseline and follow-up observations, are frequently encountered in health research. We study a novel two-point time series structure without a control group, which is driven by an observational routine clinical dataset collected to monitor key risk markers of type-$2$ diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We propose a resampling approach called 'I-Rand' for independently sampling one of the two time points for each…
时间序列截面数据因果推断的反事实估计实用指南
This paper introduces a simple framework of counterfactual estimation for causal inference with time-series cross-sectional data, in which we estimate the average treatment effect on the treated by directly imputing counterfactual outcomes for treated observations. We discuss several novel estimators under this framework, including the fixed effects counterfactual estimator, interactive fixed effects counterfactual estimator, and matrix completion estimator. They provide…