Parametric estimation procedures for screening programmes: stable and nonstable disease models for multimodality case finding
筛查项目的参数估计:多方式病例发现的稳定与非稳定疾病模型AI 解读 ↓
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筛查项目的参数估计:多方式病例发现的稳定与非稳定疾病模型AI 解读 ↓
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This paper develops methods for estimating the parameters associated with early detection programmes. Disease is considered to have three states: a disease-free state or a state in which the disease cannot be detected, a preclinical state and a clinical state. The natural history of the disease is assumed to be progressive. The parameters to be estimated are the sensitivity of one or two disease detection modalities and the characteristics of the preclinical sojourn time distribution under both the stable disease and nonstable disease models. The stable-disease model assumes that the incidence of prevalence of a disease is independent of age or chronological time, while the nonstable disease model allows quantities to depend on time. With the nonstable disease model, the relevant parameters can be jointly estimated by a two-step iteration procedure from the likelihood function. For the stable disease model, the sensitivity and the parameters of the sojourn time distribution of the preclinical state can be obtained directly from a conditional likelihood function. Applications are made to recent clinical trials for the early detection of breast cancer.
近端估计与推断
Abstract We develop a convex-analytic framework for constructing and analyzing a broad class of penalized estimators. Our method defines penalized estimators by applying proximal operators to benchmark estimators, rather than by penalizing the benchmark criterion itself. We establish general finite-sample properties, derive unified asymptotic distribution results, and provide tractable conditions for oracle selection and oracle asymptotic efficiency. We then apply the…
Two frequent approaches for identifying structural VARs are external instruments, which carry economic content but are often weak, and non-Gaussianity of the shocks, which provides statistical identification but carries no economic meaning. We combine the two strategies in a single generalized method of moments framework. This hybrid approach point-identifies the target shocks while also identifying the non-target shocks up to sign and ordering. Under suitable rank…
逐点 CATE 估计的极小极大速率:设计平滑度的作用
We study the role of design smoothness in the minimax estimation of conditional average treatment effects at a fixed covariate point. For design densities bounded above and away from zero, without further regularity, we derive upper and lower risk bounds with an arbitrarily small gap in the convergence-rate exponent. Under uniform design, we obtain matching upper and lower bounds at interior points in the regime of low nuisance smoothness. These results show that rough…
多层主效应矩阵因子模型
We propose a multilevel main effects matrix factor model (MMEFM) to extract meaningful row and column effects from groups of matrix data. As a generalization of a multilevel matrix factor model, we provide rigorous definitions of MMEFM and identifications, together with iterative algorithms for the estimators of all global and local components in the main effects and common component, including global/local main effects and core ranks, with rates of convergence spelt out. An…