Optimal Design under Interference, Homophily, and Robustness Trade-offs
干扰、同质性与稳健性权衡下的最优实验设计AI 解读 ↓
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干扰、同质性与稳健性权衡下的最优实验设计AI 解读 ↓
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To minimize the mean squared error (MSE) in global average treatment effect (GATE) estimation under network interference, a popular approach is to use a cluster-randomized design. However, in the presence of homophily, which is common in social networks, cluster randomization can instead increase the MSE. We develop a novel potential outcomes model that accounts for interference, homophily, and heterogeneous variation. In this setting, we establish a framework for optimizing designs for worst-case MSE under the Horvitz-Thompson estimator. This leads to an optimization problem over the covariance matrices of the treatment assignment, trading off interference, homophily, and robustness. We frame and solve this problem using two complementary approaches. The first involves formulating a semidefinite program (SDP) and employing Gaussian rounding, in the spirit of the Goemans-Williamson approximation algorithm for MAXCUT. The second is an adaptation of the Gram-Schmidt Walk, a vector-balancing algorithm which has recently received much attention. Finally, we evaluate the performance of our designs through various experiments on simulated network data and a real village network dataset.
社会网络数据中处理效应的识别与估计:当社会连接存在混杂时
In observational network data, the adoption of a treatment and the formation of social ties often depend on the same characteristics that affect outcomes. We propose a generalized propensity score for each unit's effective treatment, built from a model for treatment assignment and a dyadic model for network formation, which may include latent node heterogeneity. The score is marginalized over the network given covariates rather than conditioned on the realized network, and…
复杂(准)实验设计下的简单标准误
We develop standard errors for estimates of causal effects in settings where the distribution of treatment exposures is known but potentially exhibits complicated dependence patterns across units. Such dependence arises, for example, in settings with spillovers/interference across units or when the treatment assignment is spatially correlated. Our variance estimator generalizes several properties of the Neyman variance estimator for completely randomized experiments to…
边处理与节点结果的网络实验
We present a methodology for analyzing node-level outcomes while experimenting with edge-level treatments in a population connected by an undirected graph. Under our design, nodes are randomly assigned to test or control, and each edge inherits the treatment of its endpoints, with conflicts resolved by randomization. We use each node's assigned status as an instrument for its treatment exposure. We show that the Wald estimator is consistent for the global average treatment…
Comparing dependence structures between two related multivariate time series is of fundamental interest in many scientific applications, where changes may occur in both directed temporal interactions and contemporaneous connectivity. Modeling each time series by a vector autoregressive (VAR) model, we propose a new framework for estimation and inference of differential Granger causality (DiffGC) and differential network (DiffNet) structures in high dimensions. The proposed…
存在干扰时合成控制的稳健回归方法
Synthetic control methods are widely used for policy evaluation, but most existing approaches rule out interference among units, compromising validity when such effects are present. We develop a framework that accommodates contaminated donor pools and unknown interference patterns through two stages: factor-model adjustment for unobserved confounding, followed by robust regression in which direct and interference effects appear as a sparse outlier component. We study two…
随机实验的一般设计型框架与估计器
We describe a widely applicable design-based framework for drawing causal inference in randomized experiments. Causal effects are defined as linear functionals evaluated at unit-level potential outcome functions. Assumptions about the potential outcome functions are encoded as function spaces. This makes the framework expressive, allowing experimenters to formulate and investigate a wide range of causal questions that previously could not be investigated with design-based…