Direct estimation and inference of higher-level correlations from lower-level measurements with applications in gene-pathway and proteomics studies
从低层级测量直接估计高层级相关性:基因通路与蛋白质组应用AI 解读 ↓
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从低层级测量直接估计高层级相关性:基因通路与蛋白质组应用AI 解读 ↓
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This paper tackles the challenge of estimating correlations between higher-level biological variables (e.g., proteins and gene pathways) when only lower-level measurements are directly observed (e.g., peptides and individual genes). Existing methods typically aggregate lower-level data into higher-level variables and then estimate correlations based on the aggregated data. However, different data aggregation methods can yield varying correlation estimates as they target different higher-level quantities. Our solution is a latent factor model that directly estimates these higher-level correlations from lower-level data without the need for data aggregation. We further introduce a shrinkage estimator to ensure the positive definiteness and improve the accuracy of the estimated correlation matrix. Furthermore, we establish the asymptotic normality of our estimator, enabling efficient computation of p-values for the identification of significant correlations. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated through comprehensive simulations and the analysis of proteomics and gene expression datasets. We develop the R package highcor for implementing our method.