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分类依据与纠错

AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要聚焦临床试验的序贯停止和样本量重估,未直接研究所列领域中的因果效应识别或其他具体计量问题。

反馈分类问题

正在核对关联版本…

代码、数据与补充材料

正在核对对应版本的资源…

关注这篇论文的作者
Keaven M. Anderson
Alison Pedley

使用 gsDesign 进行样本量重估的两阶段设计

研究问题
临床试验初始效应量不确定且中期分析可能出现入组超额时,条件功效样本量重估与两阶段组序贯设计应如何公平比较效率?
方法与思路
作者使用 gsDesign R 包推导两阶段组序贯设计和条件功效设计,建议在功效可比的前提下,以预期样本量比较两类方案。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要指出条件功效设计在部分情形下略有优势,但也容易产生低效方案,并可能透露中期治疗效应,因此设计选择需综合权衡。
阅读关注点
应核对两类方案如何匹配功效、控制错误率和计算预期样本量,以及中期数据处理延迟、入组超额与效应信息泄露的建模方式。
阅读边界
这是 arXiv 预印本,同行评审及期刊接收未核验。摘要未提供具体设计参数或比较数值,不能据此断定组序贯设计总是更优。

原文摘要

The effect size and nuisance parameters needed to appropriately size a clinical trial are generally not adequately understood before a trial begins. Through pre-planned early stopping rules, a conservatively planned group sequential design can effectively adapt the sample size for a clinical trial for a new treatment that is ineffective, very effective or minimally effective. One potential issue with such designs is that a substantial number of patients can be enrolled after a data cutoff for an interim analysis while data are being entered, cleaned, analyzed and discussed. A strategy of re-estimating the sample size at an interim analysis based on conditional power has been proposed to reduce somewhat this enrollment overrun issue. A purported advantage sometimes claimed is a smaller up-front planned sample size than a conservatively planned group sequential design. We demonstrate derivation of 2-stage group sequential and conditional power designs using the gsDesign R package and suggest comparing designs with comparable power using expected sample size calculations. While there are cases where conditional power designs may have small advantages, it is quite easy to derive very inefficient conditional power designs. This, along with the fact that a conditional power design may reveal something about the interim treatment effect, will often leave a group sequential design as the design of choice.

笔记与分组
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