Estimating a conditional density ratio model for asset returns and option demand
资产收益与期权需求的条件密度比模型估计AI 解读 ↓
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AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要核心是风险中性与实际收益密度之间的定价核估计,并用于期权需求模型。
资产收益与期权需求的条件密度比模型估计AI 解读 ↓
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Option-implied risk-neutral densities are widely used for constructing forward-looking risk measures. Meanwhile, risk aversion introduces a multiplicative pricing kernel between the risk-neutral and true conditional densities of the underlying asset’s return. This paper proposes a simple local estimator of the pricing kernel based on inverse density weighting. We characterize the asymptotic bias and variance of the estimator and its multiplicatively corrected density forecasts. A local exponential linear variant is proposed to include conditioning variables. The estimator performs well in a simulation study, even when the risk-neutral densities are noisy and/or have missing tails. We apply our estimator to a demand-based model for S&P 500 index options, and find U-shaped pricing kernels when end-users sell out-of-the-money options and volatility is high.