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AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要研究流行病出生死亡过程,未对应所列经济计量领域细分。

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关注这篇论文的作者
A. Kraus
V. M. Panaretos

观测稀少时流行病传播潜力的频率学派估计

研究问题
当疫情初期只能观察按时间聚合的随机比例死亡事件时,能否估计决定疫情增长的参数,并据此评估传播潜力?
方法与思路
作者在出生死亡过程框架下,利用鞅动态启发构造可直接计算的估计量,赋予准似然解释,并推导近似置信区间。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称,在这种不完整观测情形下,增长参数仍可进行频率学派估计,并建立一致性、渐近正态性及模拟和疫情数据展示。
阅读关注点
应核对死亡事件抽样比例与时间聚合的假设、渐近增长方式,以及增长参数如何转化为传播潜力判断和区间推断。
阅读边界
材料为 OpenAlex 索引摘要,稿件版本未注明;摘要未说明抽样机制限制或小样本覆盖率,不能据此保证疫情初期推断可靠。

原文摘要

We consider the problem of inferring the potential of an epidemic for escalating into a pandemic on the basis of limited observations in its initial stages. Classical results of Becker & Hasofer (J. R. Statist. Soc. B, 59, 415–29) illustrate that frequentist estimation of the complete set of parameters of an epidemic modelled as a birth and death process remains feasible even when one is able to observe only the deaths and the total number of births. These assumptions on the observation mechanism, however, are too strong to be met in practice. We consider a more realistic scenario where only temporally aggregated random proportions of the deaths are observed over time. We demonstrate that the frequentist estimation of the Malthusian parameter governing the growth of the epidemic is still feasible in this context. We construct explicit straightforwardly calculable estimators motivated heuristically by the martingale dynamics of the process, and show that they admit a rigorous quasilikelihood interpretation. We establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of these estimators, allowing for the construction of approximate confidence intervals that can be used to infer the spreading potential of the epidemic. A simulation study and an application to the initial outbreak data of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic illustrate that the method can be expected to give reasonable results in practice.

笔记与分组
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