A Simple Measure of Robustness for External Validity under Covariate Shifts
协变量漂移下外部有效性的简单稳健性度量AI 解读 ↓
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协变量漂移下外部有效性的简单稳健性度量AI 解读 ↓
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This paper studies the robustness of estimated policy effects to changes in the distribution of covariates, a key determinant of the external validity of (quasi)experimental results. I propose a novel robustness metric δ ∗ which measures the smallest covariate shift needed to invalidate an empirical claim about the policy effect (e.g., AT E > 0). I estimate δ ∗ via de-biased GMM, achieving a parametric rate of convergence while accommodating machine-learning estimators of treatment-effect heterogeneity (e.g., LASSO, random forests, neural networks). I develop benchmarking and calibration exercises to interpret the magnitude of δ ∗ . I illustrate these tools in an application to the Oregon Health Insurance Experiment. Researchers can report δ ∗ alongside point estimates and standard errors as a third number gauging external validity under covariate shifts.