Discrete Stochastic Processes in Population Genetics
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SUMMARY The application to population genetic models of the approximate treatment of a non-linear discrete stochastic process by linearizing near an equilibrium point is discussed. The value of the dominant characteristic root for approximate linear changes near an initial equilibrium can be used to estimate the chances of survival of newly occurring genotypes. These methods are illustrated on the classic population genetic model for a balanced polymorphism and also on a model for a simple incompatibility system. A method is developed for the complete stochastic treatment of a linear process. This makes it possible to fit observed changes to those expected from theoretical models when it is assumed that the changes are near an equilibrium point. It is also possible to estimate the chance of losing a gene segregating with a given selective advantage in a small population of known size and in certain cases to obtain estimates of the selective advantage when a certain proportion of fixations has been observed. A general treatment of a complex model for the evolution of homostyly in primroses using these methods is given. Numerical methods, using an electronic computer, are applied to both deterministic and stochastic study of this model.