Strength in Numbers: Networks as a Solution to Occupational Traps
人多力量大：网络如何帮助摆脱职业陷阱AI 解读 ↓
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人多力量大：网络如何帮助摆脱职业陷阱
- 研究问题
- 社区或亲缘网络能否替代家庭继承的人力资本与财富，帮助低技能家庭摆脱职业陷阱并提高代际流动性？
- 方法与思路
- 作者建立动态模型，分析互助网络形成和增强的过程，提出历史弱势社区网络成长更快的预测，并用印度数据检验。
- 材料陈述的贡献
- 摘要提出社区网络支持集体向上流动的机制，并称印度数据支持相关预测，借此解释传统网络衰退与新网络成长并存。
- 阅读关注点
- 应核对网络形成及互助机制的模型条件、印度数据中的网络和流动性指标，以及经验检验如何处理选择和共同冲击。
- 阅读边界
- 摘要未说明经验识别策略、样本构成及效应大小；预测得到支持不能直接证明网络形成对代际流动具有因果作用。
原文摘要
The "new classical" theory states that families in low-skill occupations with low levels of human capital can stay poor from one generation to the next, while families in high-skill occupations with correspondingly high levels of human capital stay wealthy, despite being endowed with the same level of ability on average. This paper proposes an informal institutional mechanism--the community-based network--through which families belonging to the same neighbourhood or kinship group can bootstrap their way out of such low-skill occupational traps. The insight from the dynamic model that is developed is that once they form, new networks providing mutual support to their members and substituting for inherited parental human capital and wealth will strengthen most rapidly in historically disadvantaged communities, generating a correspondingly high level of intergenerational mobility. These predictions are successfully tested using unique data from India. The analysis in this paper, coupled with an emerging empirical literature on networks and migration, provides a new perspective on mobility in developing countries, with restrictive traditional networks decaying even as new networks supporting collective mobility form and strengthen over time. Copyright 2011, Oxford University Press.