Stochastic Boundaries in Spatial General Equilibrium: A Diffusion-Based Approach to Causal Inference with Spillover Effects
空间一般均衡中的随机边界:基于扩散的溢出效应因果推断AI 解读 ↓
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空间一般均衡中的随机边界:基于扩散的溢出效应因果推断AI 解读 ↓
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This paper introduces a novel framework for causal inference in spatial economics that explicitly models the stochastic transition from partial to general equilibrium effects. We develop a Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM) integrated with boundary detection methods from stochastic process theory to identify when and how treatment effects propagate beyond local markets. Our approach treats the evolution of spatial spillovers as a Lévy process with jump-diffusion dynamics, where the first passage time to critical thresholds indicates regime shifts from partial to general equilibrium. Using CUSUM-based sequential detection, we identify the spatial and temporal boundaries at which local interventions become systemic. Applied to AI adoption across Japanese prefectures, we find that treatment effects exhibit Lévy jumps at approximately 35km spatial scales, with general equilibrium effects amplifying partial equilibrium estimates by 42\%. Monte Carlo simulations show that ignoring these stochastic boundaries leads to underestimation of treatment effects by 28-67\%, with particular severity in densely connected economic regions. Our framework provides the first rigorous method for determining when spatial spillovers necessitate general equilibrium analysis, offering crucial guidance for policy evaluation in interconnected economies.
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Comparing dependence structures between two related multivariate time series is of fundamental interest in many scientific applications, where changes may occur in both directed temporal interactions and contemporaneous connectivity. Modeling each time series by a vector autoregressive (VAR) model, we propose a new framework for estimation and inference of differential Granger causality (DiffGC) and differential network (DiffNet) structures in high dimensions. The proposed…
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We describe a widely applicable design-based framework for drawing causal inference in randomized experiments. Causal effects are defined as linear functionals evaluated at unit-level potential outcome functions. Assumptions about the potential outcome functions are encoded as function spaces. This makes the framework expressive, allowing experimenters to formulate and investigate a wide range of causal questions that previously could not be investigated with design-based…