Worker-Side Discrimination: Beliefs and Preferences
劳动者侧歧视:信念与偏好AI 解读 ↓
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AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要聚焦个体在不可观测属性选项间的选择、偏好与信念的识别与结构估计,并报告偏好和信念分布的估计,故对应离散选择、结构估计与分布效应。
劳动者侧歧视:信念与偏好AI 解读 ↓
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When agents choose among options with unobserved attributes to maximize expected utility, their choices conflate preferences with beliefs about those attributes. We develop a novel theory-driven identification strategy for such settings, showing that compensating differentials separately identify beliefs from preferences. Noting that workers’ preferences and beliefs shape labor market outcomes, yet remain understudied, we apply our method to provide the first evidence on the distribution of workers’ preferences over manager gender, and their beliefs about managers’ mentoring ability. In the absence of information on manager mentoring ability, workers are indifferent to manager gender. However, upon receiving information on manager mentorship ability, workers prefer to work for female managers, willing to forgo 1.7% of average annual wages. Hence, absent additional information, workers believe female managers are worse mentors (1.6% wage equivalent). Non-parametric estimates of the distributions reveal that 76% prefer female managers with mentoring information, and 67% believe male managers are better mentors absent information. Machine learning algorithms show that individuals with higher education are less likely to hold such beliefs. These beliefs are primarily driven by perceptions that women are less competent. Evidence suggests these beliefs are biased, highlighting scope for informationbased policy interventions.
含非参数不可观测异质性的结构模型之非正则识别
One of the most important empirical findings in microeconometrics is the pervasiveness of heterogeneity in economic behavior (cf. Heckman, 2001). This paper shows that cumulative distribution functions and quantiles of the nonparametric unobserved heterogeneity have an infinite efficiency bound in many structural economic models of interest. The paper presents general and precise conditions to prove such results. The usefulness of the theory is demonstrated with several…
离散结果的工具变量模型
Single equation instrumental variable models for discrete outcomes are shown to be set identifying, not point identifying, for the structural functions that deliver the values of the discrete outcome. Bounds on identified sets are derived for a general nonparametric model and sharp set identification is demonstrated in the binary outcome case. Point identification is typically not achieved by imposing parametric restrictions. The extent of an identified set varies with the…
筛估计 BLP:差异化产品需求的半非参数模型
We develop a semi-nonparametric approach to identify and estimate the demand for differentiated products. The proposed method adopts a random coefficients discrete choice logit model (i.e., mixed logit model) in which the distribution of random coefficients is nonparametrically specified. Our method minimizes misspecification error in the distribution to which routinely used parametric approach is subject. In addition, it overcomes the practical challenge of dimensionality…
局部稳健的半参数估计
Many economic and causal parameters depend on nonparametric or high dimensional first steps. We give a general construction of locally robust/orthogonal moment functions for GMM, where first steps have no effect, locally, on average moment functions. Using these orthogonal moments reduces model selection and regularization bias, as is important in many applications, especially for machine learning first steps. Also, associated standard errors are robust to misspecification…
局部稳健的半参数估计
Many economic and causal parameters depend on nonparametric or high dimensional first steps. We give a general construction of locally robust/orthogonal moment functions for GMM, where moment conditions have zero derivative with respect to first steps. We show that orthogonal moment functions can be constructed by adding to identifying moments the nonparametric influence function for the effect of the first step on identifying moments. Orthogonal moments reduce model…
非线性结构模型中边际效应分布与分位数的面板估计:垃圾食品需求应用
In this paper, we propose a framework to estimate the distribution of marginal effects in a general class of structural models that allow for very general nonlinearities, high dimensional heterogeneity, and unrestricted correlation between the persistent components of this heterogeneity and all covariates. The main idea is to form a derivative dependent variable using two periods of the panel and use differences in outcome variables of nearby subpopulations to obtain the…