Combining Forecasts – On Why Averaging Beats Optimal Linear Weights
预测组合:为什么简单平均胜过最优线性权重AI 解读 ↓
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预测组合:为什么简单平均胜过最优线性权重AI 解读 ↓
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A continuing puzzle in constructing a point forecast by combining individual forecasts is that simple averaging often leads to a smaller out-of-sample mean square error compared to estimating optimal weights (the forecast combination puzzle). Most researchers have suggested that the puzzle is explained by estimation error in computing the weights, typically by estimation of a restricted least squares regression. For this explanation, gains from optimal weights must be small. This paper focuses on this complementary part of the argument and asks how large the gains from optimal combination can be in empirically and theoretically reasonable situations. Under these restrictions we show that gains can indeed be small, and that for gains to be large the best approach to forecast combination is to discard some of the forecasts and average over the remaining ones. We introduce a new weight estimation procedure implied by the theoretical results.