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分类依据与纠错

AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要明确研究无混杂条件下平均处理效应的逆倾向得分加权及稳健区间推断。

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代码、数据与补充材料

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关注这篇论文的作者
Alkis Kalavasis
Anay Mehrotra
Manolis Zampetakis

通过数据依赖粗化缩小逆倾向得分加权估计的置信区间

研究问题
当倾向得分存在误差或接近零与一时,如何使平均处理效应的逆概率加权估计保持稳健,并控制置信区间宽度?
方法与思路
作者提出粗化逆概率加权估计族,在粗化协变量空间实施加权,并设计数据依赖算法寻找对倾向得分误差稳健的估计量。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称,在结果均值 Lipschitz 性及极端得分稀疏等条件下,区间宽度按 ε+1/√n 缩减,且数据无关粗化无法实现所述稳健性。
阅读关注点
应核对粗化如何权衡偏差与方差、得分误差的定义、极端得分稀疏条件,以及数据依赖选择后的区间覆盖保证。
阅读边界
所据为 arXiv 预印本,不能据此认定已同行评审或期刊接收;摘要未给出完整条件与常数,不能把区间改进推广到任意数据。

原文摘要

Inverse propensity-score weighted (IPW) estimators are prevalent in causal inference for estimating average treatment effects in observational studies. Under unconfoundedness, given accurate propensity scores and $n$ samples, the size of confidence intervals of IPW estimators scales down with $n$, and, several of their variants improve the rate of scaling. However, neither IPW estimators nor their variants are robust to inaccuracies: even if a single covariate has an $\varepsilon>0$ additive error in the propensity score, the size of confidence intervals of these estimators can increase arbitrarily. Moreover, even without errors, the rate with which the confidence intervals of these estimators go to zero with $n$ can be arbitrarily slow in the presence of extreme propensity scores (those close to 0 or 1). We introduce a family of Coarse IPW (CIPW) estimators that captures existing IPW estimators and their variants. Each CIPW estimator is an IPW estimator on a coarsened covariate space, where certain covariates are merged. Under mild assumptions, e.g., Lipschitzness in expected outcomes and sparsity of extreme propensity scores, we give an efficient algorithm to find a robust estimator: given $\varepsilon$-inaccurate propensity scores and $n$ samples, its confidence interval size scales with $\varepsilon+1/\sqrt{n}$. In contrast, under the same assumptions, existing estimators' confidence interval sizes are $Ω(1)$ irrespective of $\varepsilon$ and $n$. Crucially, our estimator is data-dependent and we show that no data-independent CIPW estimator can be robust to inaccuracies.

笔记与分组
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