Doubly-Valid/Doubly-Sharp Sensitivity Analysis for Causal Inference with Unmeasured Confounding
未观测混杂下因果推断的双重有效与双重锐性敏感性分析AI 解读 ↓
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未观测混杂下因果推断的双重有效与双重锐性敏感性分析AI 解读 ↓
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We consider the problem of constructing bounds on the average treatment effect (ATE) when unmeasured confounders exist but have bounded influence. Specifically, we assume that omitted confounders could not change the odds of treatment for any unit by more than a fixed factor. We derive the sharp partial identification bounds implied by this assumption by leveraging distributionally robust optimization, and we propose estimators of these bounds with several novel robustness properties. The first is double sharpness: our estimators consistently estimate the sharp ATE bounds when one of two nuisance parameters is misspecified and achieve semiparametric efficiency when all nuisance parameters are suitably consistent. The second is double validity: even when most nuisance parameters are misspecified, our estimators still provide valid but possibly conservative bounds for the ATE and our Wald confidence intervals remain valid even when our estimators are not asymptotically normal. As a result, our estimators provide a highly credible method for sensitivity analysis of causal inferences.
部分识别因果效应的模型无关协变量辅助推断
Many causal estimands are only partially identifiable since they depend on the unobservable joint distribution between potential outcomes. Stratification on pretreatment covariates can yield sharper bounds; however, unless the covariates are discrete with relatively small support, this approach typically requires binning covariates or estimating the conditional distributions of potential outcomes given the covariates. Binning can result in substantial efficiency loss and…
利用代理变量对因果效应进行部分识别
Proximal causal inference is a framework for evaluating the causal effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding. For point identification, it leverages a pair of proxy variables to identify a bridge function that matches the dependence of potential outcomes or treatment variables on the hidden factors to corresponding functions of observed proxies. Unique identification requires that proxies are sufficiently relevant for hidden factors, a requirement that has previously…
无重叠情况下的平均处理效应界
The average treatment effect (ATE), the mean difference in potential outcomes under treatment and control, is a canonical causal effect. Overlap, which says that all subjects have non-zero probability of either treatment status, is necessary to identify and estimate the ATE. When overlap fails, the standard solution is to change the estimand, and target a trimmed effect in a subpopulation satisfying overlap. When the outcome is bounded, we demonstrate that this compromise is…
有序结果的因果推断:基于 Copula 的识别、估计与敏感性分析
In causal inference with ordinal outcomes, several interpretable estimands are functions of the probability that the potential outcome under one treatment is larger than that under another treatment for the same unit. This probability depends on the joint distribution of both potential outcomes and is generally not identifiable. Existing work has focused on sharp bounds of this probability based on partial identification, but bounds are often too wide to be informative. We…
未测混杂下的信息论因果界
We develop a data-driven information-theoretic framework for sharp partial identification of causal effects under unmeasured confounding. Existing approaches often rely on restrictive assumptions, such as bounded or discrete outcomes; require external inputs (for example, instrumental variables, proxies, or user-specified sensitivity parameters); necessitate full structural causal model specifications; or focus solely on population-level averages while neglecting…
收益部分识别时的最优决策规则
We derive asymptotically optimal statistical decision rules for discrete choice problems when payoffs depend on a partially-identified parameter $θ$ and the decision maker can use a point-identified parameter $μ$ to deduce restrictions on $θ$. Examples include treatment choice under partial identification and pricing with rich unobserved heterogeneity. Our notion of optimality combines a minimax approach to handle the ambiguity from partial identification of $θ$ given $μ$ wit…