Miscellanea. On nonidentifiability and noninformative censoring for current status data
现状数据的不可识别性与非信息性删失AI 解读 ↓
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The event times and examination times that produce current status data are typically assumed to be independent. Here, an increasing sequence of nested models is considered for current status data, namely independence models, 'constant sum' models and models for which the conditional probability of the occurrence of the event prior to the examination time, given the examination time, is nondecreasing in the examination time. In the class of constant sum models, the distribution of the event time is identifiable and the examination times are noninformative. In the class of models with nondecreasing conditional probability, the distribution of the event time is nonidentifiable. Outside this class, the examination times cannot be ignored.
Mendelian randomization (MR) infers causal effects of exposures on outcomes using genetic variants as instrumental variables, but existing methods remain vulnerable to bias and loss of power when instruments are invalid. We hypothesize that closely related outcome traits share a large overlap in their valid instruments for a given exposure, so that borrowing instruments across such traits can yield more robust MR inference. To operationalize this, we introduce a novel…
This article develops an identification framework for heterogeneous policy effects when individual-level data are available only in the treated jurisdiction. The framework combines outcome changes from repeated cross-sections within that jurisdiction with a population-average effect identified from aggregate panel data. Under conditional relative parallel trends and overlap, this information identifies subgroup effects standardized to the treated jurisdiction's overall…
Normality pre-tests on reduced-form innovations cannot detect whether two or more underlying structural shocks are Gaussian, and hence cannot detect a failure of identification in non-Gaussian SVARs. We propose a bootstrap-based approach that reveals such a failure. Under the null of valid identification and certain regularity conditions, the conditional bootstrap distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator of the impact matrix is asymptotically normal, so the…
Principal stratification (PS) is a commonly used approach for understanding the mechanisms through which a treatment affects an outcome. The goal of this work is to extend the PS framework to studies with continuous treatments, which introduces a number of both challenges and opportunities in terms of defining causal effects and performing inference. This manuscript provides multiple key methodological contributions: 1) we introduce principal causal estimands for continuous…
度量统计视角下的随机集
Since the seminal work by Beresteanu and Molinari(2008), the random set theory and related inference methods have been widely applied in partially identified econometric models. Meanwhile, there is an emerging field in statistics for studying random objects in metric spaces, called metric statistics. This paper clarifies a relationship between two fundamental concepts in these literatures, the Aumann and Fréchet means, and presents some applications of metric statistics to…
Background: Generalized Odds (Gen Odds) provide summaries for ordinal outcomes without requiring the proportional odds assumption. However, conventional Gen Odds compares independently drawn treatment and control outcomes and targets a population-level contrast rather than an individual-level contrast. We developed an individual-level causal formulation of Gen Odds and examined its identification. Methods: We defined the Causal Gen Odds using the joint distribution of…