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AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要明确研究存在处理混杂和标注选择偏差时的平均处理效应及双重稳健估计,因此对应因果推断。

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关注这篇论文的作者
Yuqian Zhang
Jelena Bradic

衰减随机缺失框架:部分标注数据中的模型双重稳健因果推断

研究问题
在标注比例不断降低、标注机制可能有选择偏差且处理存在混杂的高维数据中,如何估计平均处理效应,并获得具有模型稳健性的渐近推断?
方法与思路
作者提出衰减 MAR 框架和减偏半监督 BRSS 估计量,再构造结合逆概率加权与干扰参数减偏估计的解耦 DC-BRSS,以处理标注与处理机制的不对称。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称,在相应条件下,BRSS 在至少一个相关干扰模型正确时以适当速率渐近正态;解耦版本进一步放宽模型设定与稀疏性要求。
阅读关注点
应核对标注概率衰减速率、MAR 的条件变量、双重稳健性针对哪些模型,以及两种估计量各自需要的稀疏性、收敛率和方差估计条件。
阅读边界
这是 arXiv 预印本,同行评审及期刊接收未核实。摘要未给出衰减速率和完整模型条件,不能将结果解释为任意低标注率下均有根号样本量推断。

原文摘要

In modern large-scale observational studies, data collection constraints often result in partially labeled datasets, posing challenges for reliable causal inference, especially due to potential labeling bias and relatively small size of the labeled data. This paper introduces a decaying missing-at-random (decaying MAR) framework and associated approaches for doubly robust causal inference on treatment effects in such semi-supervised (SS) settings. This simultaneously addresses selection bias in the labeling mechanism and the extreme imbalance between labeled and unlabeled groups, bridging the gap between the standard SS and missing data literatures, while throughout allowing for confounded treatment assignment and high-dimensional confounders under appropriate sparsity conditions. To ensure robust causal conclusions, we propose a bias-reduced SS (BRSS) estimator for the average treatment effect, a type of 'model doubly robust' estimator appropriate for such settings, establishing asymptotic normality at the appropriate rate under decaying labeling propensity scores, provided that at least one nuisance model is correctly specified. Our approach also relaxes sparsity conditions beyond those required in existing methods, including standard supervised approaches. Recognizing the asymmetry between labeling and treatment mechanisms, we further introduce a de-coupled BRSS (DC-BRSS) estimator, which integrates inverse probability weighting (IPW) with bias-reducing techniques in nuisance estimation. This refinement further weakens model specification and sparsity requirements. Numerical experiments confirm the effectiveness and adaptability of our estimators in addressing labeling bias and model misspecification.

笔记与分组
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