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分类依据与纠错

AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要研究兄弟姐妹之间的暴露溢出及未观测混杂下的因果识别。

反馈分类问题

正在核对关联版本…

代码、数据与补充材料

正在核对对应版本的资源…

关注这篇论文的作者
David C. Mallinson
Felix Elwert

存在未观测混杂时利用差值分数估计兄弟姐妹溢出效应

研究问题
兄弟姐妹共享未观测家庭因素时,能否在线性框架内用结局差值识别一方暴露对另一方结局的影响,哪些反馈会破坏识别?
方法与思路
作者在线性固定效应框架中使用差值分数回归,结合解析推导与蒙特卡洛模拟,并分析儿童早产对年长手足识字能力的影响。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称单向暴露溢出时可识别该效应,双向时识别两效应之差;结局到暴露或结局到结局的溢出会使方法失效。
阅读关注点
应核对差值消除共同混杂的条件、单向与双向溢出的目标量区别,以及反馈路径和个体特有混杂;应用结果还须注意未调整协变量。
阅读边界
所据为 arXiv 预印本,不能据此确认同行评审或期刊接收;结论限于所述线性结构,不能把未调整的应用估计直接视为稳健因果结论。

原文摘要

A growing area of research in epidemiology is the identification of health-related sibling spillover effects, or the effect of one individual's exposure on their sibling's outcome. The health and health care of family members may be inextricably confounded by unobserved factors, rendering identification of spillover effects within families particularly challenging. We demonstrate a gain-score regression method for identifying exposure-to-outcome spillover effects within sibling pairs in a linear fixed effects framework. The method can identify the exposure-to-outcome spillover effect if only one sibling's exposure affects the other's outcome; and it identifies the difference between the spillover effects if both siblings' exposures affect the others' outcomes. The method fails in the presence of outcome-to-exposure spillover and outcome-to-outcome spillover. Analytic results and Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the method and its limitations. To exercise this method, we estimate the spillover effect of a child's preterm birth on an older sibling's literacy skills, measured by the Phonological Awarenesses Literacy Screening-Kindergarten test. We analyze 20,010 sibling pairs from a population-wide, Wisconsin-based (United States) birth cohort. Without covariate adjustment, we estimate that preterm birth modestly decreases an older sibling's test score (-2.11 points; 95% confidence interval: -3.82, -0.40 points). In conclusion, gain-scores are a promising strategy for identifying exposure-to-outcome spillovers in sibling pairs while controlling for sibling-invariant unobserved confounding in linear settings.

笔记与分组
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