Empirical Likelihood for Random Sets
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In many statistical applications, the observed data take the form of sets rather than points. Examples include bracket data in survey analysis, tumor growth and rock grain images in morphology analysis, and noisy measurements on the support function of a convex set in medical imaging and robotic vision. Additionally, in studies of treatment effects, researchers often wish to conduct inference on nonparametric bounds for the effects which can be expressed by means of random sets. This article develops the concept of nonparametric likelihood for random sets and its mean, known as the Aumann expectation, and proposes general inference methods by adapting the theory of empirical likelihood. Several examples, such as regression with bracket income data, Boolean models for tumor growth, bound analysis on treatment effects, and image analysis via support functions, illustrate the usefulness of the proposed methods. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
断点回归设计中的处理效应异质性检验
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动态面板处理效应的双重/去偏机器学习
We introduce a novel framework for causal inference in dynamic panel data that extends the cross-sectional Double/Debiased Machine Learning (DML) approach. The method rests on a partially linear dynamic panel model with two-way fixed effects for potential outcomes and readily accommodates binary, multi-valued, or continuous treatments. To translate potential outcome models into an estimable form, we introduce dynamic conditional independence assumptions. By integrating…
高度分层实验的估计效率
This paper studies the use of highly stratified designs for the efficient estimation of a large class of treatment effect parameters that arise in the analysis of experiments. By a “highly stratified” design, we mean experiments in which units are divided into blocks of a fixed size and a proportion within each block is assigned to a binary treatment uniformly at random. The class of parameters considered are those that can be expressed as the solution to a set of moment…
非参数回归的稳健经验似然及其断点回归应用
Empirical likelihood serves as a powerful tool for constructing confidence intervals in nonparametric regression and regression discontinuity designs (RDD). The original empirical likelihood framework can be naturally extended to these settings using local linear smoothers, with Wilks' theorem holding only when an undersmoothed bandwidth is selected. However, the generalization of bias-corrected versions of empirical likelihood under more realistic conditions is non-trivial…
条件矩限制的局部稳健核设定检验
We develop kernel-based specification tests for semiparametric conditional moment models with high-dimensional nuisance parameters, extending existing conditional moment tests---which typically require asymptotically linear nuisance estimators---to accommodate modern machine-learning methods. The proposed locally robust kernel tests combine Neyman-orthogonal moments, cross-fitting, and reproducing kernel Hilbert space methods, yielding inference that is first-order…