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AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要直接研究潜在混杂、代理变量与双重差分相关的因果识别。

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关注这篇论文的作者
Yaroslav Kivva
Negar Kiyavash

因果效应估计的交叉矩方法

研究问题
在线性结构因果模型存在潜在混杂、仅有一个代理变量时,能否利用非高斯信息识别处理效应,并放宽特定双重差分限制?
方法与思路
作者利用处理、结果与代理变量之间的交叉矩构造效应估计,分析非高斯混杂下的识别,并给出联合高斯下的不可能性结果。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称交叉矩可通过简单运算识别效应,放宽所述双重差分的共同趋势限制;联合高斯观测分布下则无法识别。
阅读关注点
应核对代理变量的结构限制、所需矩的阶数与存在条件,以及非高斯识别、双重差分比较和高斯不可能性结果的范围。
阅读边界
这是 arXiv 预印本,同行评审与期刊接收未核实。摘要未列全模型与代理假设,不能据此认为非高斯性单独足以识别效应。

原文摘要

We consider the problem of estimating the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome in linear structural causal models (SCM) with latent confounders when we have access to a single proxy variable. Several methods (such as difference-in-difference (DiD) estimator or negative outcome control) have been proposed in this setting in the literature. However, these approaches require either restrictive assumptions on the data generating model or having access to at least two proxy variables. We propose a method to estimate the causal effect using cross moments between the treatment, the outcome, and the proxy variable. In particular, we show that the causal effect can be identified with simple arithmetic operations on the cross moments if the latent confounder in linear SCM is non-Gaussian. In this setting, DiD estimator provides an unbiased estimate only in the special case where the latent confounder has exactly the same direct causal effects on the outcomes in the pre-treatment and post-treatment phases. This translates to the common trend assumption in DiD, which we effectively relax. Additionally, we provide an impossibility result that shows the causal effect cannot be identified if the observational distribution over the treatment, the outcome, and the proxy is jointly Gaussian. Our experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets showcase the effectiveness of the proposed approach in estimating the causal effect.

笔记与分组
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