每日简报

最优处理分配下福利与价值泛函的推断AI 解读

We provide theoretical results for the estimation and inference of a class of welfare and value functionals of the nonparametric conditional average treatment effect (CATE) function under optimal treatment assignment, i.e., treatment is assigned to an observed type if and only if its CATE is nonnegative. For the optimal welfare functional defined as the average value of CATE on the subpopulation with nonnegative CATE, we establish the $\sqrt{n}$ asymptotic normality of the…

评估自适应风险预测模型临床影响的准实验设计AI 解读

Clinical risk prediction is a valuable tool for guiding healthcare interventions toward those most likely to benefit. Yet, evaluating the pairing of a risk prediction model with an intervention using randomized controlled trials presents substantial challenges, making quasi-experimental designs an attractive alternatives. Existing designs, however, assume that both the model and the decision rules used to trigger interventions (typically a risk threshold) remain fixed. This…

利用代理变量迁移因果效应AI 解读

We consider the problem of estimating a causal effect in a multi-domain setting. The causal effect of interest is confounded by an unobserved confounder and can change between the different domains. We assume that we have access to a proxy of the hidden confounder and that all variables are discrete or categorical. We propose methodology to estimate the causal effect in the target domain, where we assume to observe only the proxy variable. Under these conditions, we prove…

随机试验中疫苗效应的非参数界AI 解读

Vaccine randomized trials are typically designed to be blinded, ensuring that the estimated vaccine efficacy (VE) reflects the immunological effect of the vaccine. When blinding is broken, however, the estimated VE reflects not only the immunological effect but also behavioral effects stemming from participants' awareness of their treatment status. Recent work has proposed alternative causal estimands to the standard VE to address this issue, but their point identification…

智能体经济建模AI 解读

We introduce Agentic Economic Modeling (AEM), a framework that aligns synthetic LLM choices with small-sample human evidence for econometric inference. AEM first generates task-conditioned synthetic choices via LLMs, then learns a bias-correction mapping from task features and raw LLM choices to human-aligned choices, upon which standard econometric estimators perform inference to recover demand elasticities and treatment effects. We validate AEM in two experiments. In a…

短面板中的潜在因子分析AI 解读

We develop a pseudo maximum likelihood method for latent factor analysis in short panels without imposing sphericity nor Gaussianity. We derive an asymptotically uniformly most powerful invariant test for the number of factors. On a large panel of monthly U.S. stock returns, we separate month after month systematic and idiosyncratic risks in short subperiods of bear vs. bull market. We observe an uptrend in the paths of total and idiosyncratic volatilities. The systematic…

Chiseling：通过交互式机器学习选择子群并保证推断有效性AI 解读

In regression and causal inference, controlled subgroup selection aims to identify, with inferential guarantees, a subgroup (defined as a subset of the covariate space) on which the average response or treatment effect is above a given threshold. E.g., in a clinical trial, it may be of interest to find a subgroup with a positive average treatment effect. However, existing methods either lack inferential guarantees, heavily restrict the search for the subgroup, or sacrifice…