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一类紧支撑核积分算子的单射性AI 解读

Injectivity of integral operators is related to completeness conditions of their corresponding kernel functions. Completeness provides a useful way of obtaining nonparametric identification in various models including nonparametric regression models with instrumental variables, nonclassical measurement error models, and auction models, etc. However, the condition is quite abstract for empirical work and lacks a proper economic interpretation. We rely on known results…

第二次巴勒斯坦大起义中的暴力循环：非线性 VAR 的因果分析AI 解读

Summary We contest Jaeger and Paserman's claim (Jaeger and Paserman , 2008. The cycle of violence? An empirical analysis of fatalities in the Palestinian–Israeli conflict. American Economic Review 98 (4): 1591–1604) that Palestinians did not react to Israeli aggression during Intifada 2. We address the differences between the two sides in terms of the timing and intensity of violence, estimate nonlinear vector autoregression models that are suitable when the linear vector…

干扰模型中普遍最优圆周设计的判别AI 解读

Many applications of block designs exhibit neighbor and edge effects. A popular remedy is to use the circular design coupled with the interference model. The search for optimal or efficient designs has been intensively studied in recent years. The circular neighbor balanced designs at distances 1 and 2 (CNBD2), including orthogonal array of type I ($\mathrm{OA}_{I}$) of strength $2$, are the two major designs proposed in literature for the purpose of estimating the direct…

缺失数据、插补与内生性AI 解读

Bassmann (1957, 1959) introduced two-stage least squares (2SLS). In subsequent work, Basmann et al. (1971) investigated its finite sample performance. Here we build on this tradition focusing on the issue of 2SLS estimation of a structural model when data on the endogenous covariate is missing for some observations. Many such imputation techniques have been proposed in the literature. However, there is little guidance available for choosing among existing techniques,…

多工具变量下由约化式进行结构推断AI 解读

This paper develops exact finite sample and asymptotic distributions for structural equation tests based on partially restricted reduced form estimates. Particular attention is given to models with large numbers of instruments, wherein the use of partially restricted reduced form estimates is shown to be especially advantageous in statistical testing even in cases of uniformly weak instruments. Comparisons are made with methods based on unrestricted reduced forms, and…

随机前沿模型中的内生环境变量AI 解读

This paper considers a stochastic frontier model that contains environmental variables that affect the level of inefficiency but not the frontier. The model contains statistical noise, potentially endogenous regressors, and technical inefficiency that follows the scaling property, in the sense that it is the product of a basic (half-normal) inefficiency term and a parametric function of the environmental variables. The environmental variables may be endogenous because they…

存在样本选择时，我们能了解多少种族工资差距？AI 解读

We examine the distance and relations between the distributions of wages for two exogenously identified groups (black and white women here). The literature commonly employs decomposition methods for the conditional means, to propose explanations for observed wage differentials, as “structural” components, attributable to difference in market structures, and the “composition” components, attributable to difference in characteristics and skills. Estimation of these components…

椭圆与回旋镖：两阶段最小二乘结构系数置信区间的可视化AI 解读

In the just-identified model,the exact distribution of the two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimator of the coefficient of the endogenous regressor is a ratio of two normally distributed random variables. Basmann (1960, 1974) used Fieller’s 1932 result to derive the density function of the estimator. In this paper, we present a novel graphical exposition of Fieller’s 1954 technique to approximate the confidence interval for the 2SLS estimator. We use this approach to examine…

基于Basmann加权几何均值度量的收入分布最大熵估计AI 解读

This paper introduces a new Maximum Entropy based inequality measure that is related to Basmann’s class of weighted geometric mean (WGM) measures, but with the added feature that the new measure is flexible enough to describe other characteristics of an observed income distribution function (IDF), a feature that other well-known measures do not possess. As an application, using Current Population Survey (CPS) data, we apply the new measure to Blinder and Esaki’s (1978)…

利用广义随机系数刻画需求中的未观测偏好异质性AI 解读

We prove a new identification theorem showing nonparametric identification of the joint distribution of random coefficients in general nonlinear and additive models. This differs from existing random coefficients models by not imposing a linear index structure for the regressors. We then model unobserved preference heterogeneity in consumer demand as utility functions with random Barten scales. These Barten scales appear as random coefficients in nonlinear demand equations.…

使用离散工具变量超越局部平均处理效应AI 解读

We show how a discrete instrument can be used to identify the marginal treatment effects under a functional structure that allows for treatment heterogeneity among individuals with the same observed characteristics and self-selection based on the unobserved gain from treatment. Guided by this identification result, we perform a marginal treatment effect analysis of the interaction between the quantity and quality of children. Our estimates reveal that the family size effects…

半参数变换模型的非参数估计AI 解读

In this paper we develop a nonparametric estimation technique for semiparametric transformation models of the form: H ( Y ) = φ ( Z ) + X ′ β + U where H , φ are unknown functions, β is an unknown finite-dimensional parameter vector and the variables ( Y , Z ) are endogenous. Identification of the model and asymptotic properties of the estimator are analyzed under the mean independence assumption between the error term and the instruments. We show that the estimators are…

成对非可分测量误差模型的识别AI 解读

This paper studies the paired nonseparable measurement error models, where two measurements, X and Y , are produced by mutually independent unobservables, U , V , and W , through the system, X = g ( U,V ) and Y = h ( U,W ). We propose restrictions to identify the marginal distribution of the common component U and the conditional distributions of X and Y given U . Applying this method to twin panel data, we find the following robust reporting patterns for years of education:…

合成控制法与 Hsiao 等人的面板数据项目评估法：实证比较AI 解读

Summary We compare two program evaluation methodologies: the synthetic control method and the panel data approach. We apply both methods to estimate the effect of the political and economic integration of Hong Kong. The results obtained differ depending on the methodology used. We then conduct a simulation that shows that the synthetic control method results in a post‐treatment mean squared error, mean absolute percentage error, and mean error with a smaller interquartile…

面向公开报告的死亡率估计与标准化：Medicare 医院比较AI 解读

Bayesian models are increasingly fit to large administrative datasets and then used to make individualized recommendations. In particular, Medicare’s Hospital Compare webpage provides information to patients about specific hospital mortality rates for a heart attack or acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Hospital Compare’s current recommendations are based on a random-effects logit model with a random hospital indicator and patient risk factors. Except for the largest…

纵向研究中基因与环境交互的集合检验AI 解读

We propose a generalized score type test for set-based inference for gene-environment interaction with longitudinally measured quantitative traits. The test is robust to misspecification of within subject correlation structure and has enhanced power compared to existing alternatives. Unlike tests for marginal genetic association, set-based tests for gene-environment interaction face the challenges of a potentially misspecified and high-dimensional main effect model under the…

效率估计的“何时、何地与如何”：随机前沿建模的改进程序AI 解读

The issues of functional form, distributions of the error components, and endogeneity are for the most part still open in stochastic frontier models. The same is true when it comes to imposition of restrictions of monotonicity and curvature, making efficiency estimation an elusive goal. In this article, we attempt to consider these problems simultaneously and offer practical solutions to the problems raised by Stone and addressed by Badunenko, Henderson and Kumbhakar. We…

分布尾部性质的固定 k 渐近推断AI 解读

We consider inference about tail properties of a distribution from an iid sample, based on extreme value theory. All of the numerous previous suggestions rely on asymptotics where eventually, an infinite number of observations from the tail behave as predicted by extreme value theory, enabling the consistent estimation of the key tail index, and the construction of confidence intervals using the delta method or other classic approaches. In small samples, however, extreme…

利用链式追踪抽样估计总体规模AI 解读

We present a new design and method for estimating the size of a hidden population best reached through a link-tracing design. The design is based on selecting initial samples at random and then adaptively tracing links to add new members. The inferential procedure involves the Rao–Blackwell theorem applied to a sufficient statistic markedly different from the usual one that arises in sampling from a finite population. The strategy involves a combination of link-tracing and…

网络实验中单调处理效应的估计AI 解读

Randomized experiments on social networks pose statistical challenges, due to the possibility of interference between units. We propose new methods for finding confidence intervals on the attributable treatment effect in such settings. The methods do not require partial interference, but instead require an identifying assumption that is similar to requiring nonnegative treatment effects. Network or spatial information can be used to customize the test statistic; in…

任意预测变量空间上的分位数平面联合估计AI 解读

In spite of the recent surge of interest in quantile regression, joint estimation of linear quantile planes remains a great challenge in statistics and econometrics. We propose a novel parameterization that characterizes any collection of noncrossing quantile planes over arbitrarily shaped convex predictor domains in any dimension by means of unconstrained scalar, vector and function valued parameters. Statistical models based on this parameterization inherit a fast…

随机集合的经验似然AI 解读

In many statistical applications, the observed data take the form of sets rather than points. Examples include bracket data in survey analysis, tumor growth and rock grain images in morphology analysis, and noisy measurements on the support function of a convex set in medical imaging and robotic vision. Additionally, in studies of treatment effects, researchers often wish to conduct inference on nonparametric bounds for the effects which can be expressed by means of random…

异质偏好与意识形态偏向下委员会决策结构模型的识别AI 解读

In practice, members of a committee often make different recommendations despite a common goal and shared sources of information. We study the nonparametric identification and estimation of a structural model, where such discrepancies are rationalized by the members’ unobserved types, which consist of ideological bias while weighing different sources of information, and tastes for multiple objectives announced in the policy target. We consider models with and without…

遗漏相关随机效应的 LM 检验及其应用AI 解读

This article aims at achieving two distinct goals. The first is to extend the existing LM test of overdispersion to the situation where the alternative hypothesis is characterized by the correlated random effects model. We obtain a result that the test against the random effects model has a certain max-min type optimality property. We will call such a test the LM test of overdispersion. The second goal of the article is to draw a connection between panel data analysis and…