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具有多层交互固定效应的三维异质面板数据模型AI 解读

We consider a three-dimensional (3D) panel data model with heterogeneous slope coefficients and multi-level interactive fixed effects consisting of latent global factors and two types of local factors. Our model nests many commonly used 3D panel data models. We propose an iterative estimation procedure that relies on initial consistent estimators obtained through a novel defactored approach. We study the asymptotic properties of our estimators and show that our iterative…

有限混合模型的惩罚估计AI 解读

Economists often model unobserved heterogeneity using finite mixtures. In practice, the number of mixture components is rarely known. Model parameters lack point-identification if the estimation includes too many components, thus invalidating the classic properties of maximum likelihood estimation. I propose a penalized likelihood method to estimate finite mixtures with an unknown number of components. The resulting Order-Selection-Consistent Estimator (OSCE) consistently…

异质消费者与企业搜寻模型的识别和估计AI 解读

We propose a model of nonsequential consumer search where consumers and firms differ in search and production costs respectively. We characterize the equilibrium of the game. We first show the distribution of search cost can be identified by market shares and prices. Subsequently, we identify the production cost distribution using a similar strategy to Guerre, Perrigne and Vuong (2000) as the firms’ decision problems resemble bidders’ problems in a particular procurement…

机器学习应助推谁：学生资助续申请实验中的因果与预测定向AI 解读

In many settings, interventions may be more effective for some individuals than for others, so that targeting interventions may be beneficial. We analyze the value of targeting in the context of a large-scale field experiment with over 53,000 college students, where the goal was to use “nudges” to encourage students to renew their financial-aid applications before a non-binding deadline. We begin with baseline approaches to targeting. First, we target based on a causal…

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高维时间序列时变网络的估计AI 解读

We explore time-varying networks for high-dimensional locally stationary time series, using the large VAR model framework with both the transition and (error) precision matrices evolving smoothly over time. Two types of time-varying graphs are investigated: one containing directed edges of Granger causality linkages, and the other containing undirected edges of partial correlation linkages. Under the sparse structural assumption, we propose a penalised local linear method…

用卫星数据与神经网络追踪水泥生产AI 解读

This paper exploits daily infrared images taken from satellites to track economic activity in advanced and emerging countries. We first develop a framework to read, clean, and exploit satellite images. Our algorithm uses the laws of physics (Planck's law) and machine learning to detect the heat produced by cement plants in activity. This allows us to monitor in real-time whether a cement plant is working. Using this on around 1,000 plants, we construct a satellite-based…

流式数据平滑分位数回归的统计推断AI 解读

In this paper, we tackle the problem of conducting valid statistical inference for quantile regression with streaming data. The main difficulties are that the quantile regression loss function is non-smooth and it is often infeasible to store the entire dataset in memory, rendering traditional methodologies ineffective. We introduce a fully online updating method for statistical inference in smoothed quantile regression with streaming data to overcome these issues. Our main…

区间分位数相关及高维分位数效应检验AI 解读

In this article, we propose interval quantile correlation and interval quantile partial correlation to measure the association between two random variables over an interval of quantile levels. We construct efficient estimators for the proposed correlations, and establish their asymptotic properties under the null and alternative hypotheses. We further use the interval quantile partial correlation to test for the significance of covariate effects in high-dimensional quantile…

注意你的语言：市场对央行讲话的反应AI 解读

Central bank communication between meetings often moves markets, but researchers have traditionally paid less attention to it. Using a dataset of U.S. Federal Reserve speeches, we develop supervised multimodal natural language processing methods to identify how monetary policy news affect bond and stock market volatility and tail risk through implied changes in forecasts of GDP, inflation, and unemployment. We find that forecast revisions derived from FOMC-member speech can…

使用非线性筛方法推断时间序列非参数条件矩限制AI 解读

This paper studies estimation of and inference on dynamic nonparametric conditional moment restrictions of high dimensional variables for weakly dependent data, where the unknown functions of endogenous variables can be approximated via nonlinear sieves such as neural networks and Gaussian radial bases. The true unknown functions and their sieve approximations are allowed to be in general weighted function spaces with unbounded supports, which is important for time series…

多维索引数据的经验似然AI 解读

This paper develops a general methodology to conduct statistical inference for observations indexed by multiple sets of entities. We propose a novel multiway empirical likelihood statistic that converges to a chi-square distribution under the non-degenerate case, where corresponding Hoeffding type decomposition is dominated by linear terms. Our methodology is related to the notion of jackknife empirical likelihood but the leave-out pseudo values are constructed by leaving…

高效估计分位数处理效应的协变量调整响应自适应实验AI 解读

In program evaluation studies, understanding the heterogeneous distributional impacts of a program beyond the average effect is crucial. Quantile treatment effect (QTE) provides a natural measure to capture such heterogeneity. While much of the existing work for estimating QTE has focused on analyzing observational data based on untestable causal assumptions, little work has gone into designing randomized experiments specifically for estimating QTE. In this manuscript, we…

用于宏观经济分析的贝叶斯神经网络AI 解读

Macroeconomic data is characterized by a limited number of observations (small T ), many time series (big K ) but also by featuring temporal dependence. Neural networks, by contrast, are designed for datasets with millions of observations and covariates. In this paper, we develop Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) that are well-suited for handling datasets commonly used for macroeconomic analysis in policy institutions. Our approach avoids extensive specification searches…

协变量自适应随机化下的分位数异质处理效应检验AI 解读

In economic studies and clinical trials , it is prevalent to observe heterogeneous treatment effects that vary depending on the relative locations of units in the distribution of responses. In this study, we propose using quantile regression to estimate and conduct inference for conditional quantile treatment effects (cQTEs) in covariate-adaptive randomized experiments. First, we present sufficient conditions for consistently estimating the cQTEs, concerning the bias due to…

条件密度超水平集与多元分位数回归AI 解读

Some common proposals of multivariate quantiles do not sufficiently control the probability content, while others do not always accurately reflect the concentration of probability mass. We suggest superlevel sets of conditional multivariate densities as an alternative to current multivariate quantile definitions. Hence, the superlevel set is a function of conditioning variables much like in quantile regression. We show that conditional superlevel sets have favorable…

基于随机森林的分位数控制法AI 解读

This paper studies robust inference procedure for treatment effects in panel data with flexible relationship across units via the random forest method. The key contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we propose a direct construction of prediction intervals for the treatment effect by exploiting the information of the joint distribution of the cross-sectional units using random forest. In particular, we propose a Quantile Control Method (QCM) using the Quantile Random…

通过最小二乘实现流数据序贯分位数回归AI 解读

Massive stream data are common in modern economics applications, such as e-commerce and finance. They cannot be permanently stored due to storage limitation, and real-time analysis needs to be updated frequently as new data become available. In this paper, we develop a sequential algorithm, SQR, to support efficient quantile regression (QR) analysis for stream data. Due to the non-smoothness of the check loss, popular gradient-based methods do not directly apply. Our…

监测多国宏观风险：分位数因子扩展向量自回归方法AI 解读

A multi-country quantile factor-augmented vector autoregression is proposed to model heterogeneities both across countries and across characteristics of the distributions of macroeconomic time series. The presence of quantile factors enables a parsimonious summary of these two heterogeneities by accounting for dependencies in the cross-sectional dimension as well as across different quantiles of macroeconomic data. Using monthly euro area data, the strong empirical…

千万级观测下分位数回归的快速推断AI 解读

Big data analytics has opened new avenues in economic research, but the challenge of analyzing datasets with tens of millions of observations is substantial. Conventional econometric methods based on extreme estimators require large amounts of computing resources and memory, which are often not readily available. In this paper, we focus on linear quantile regression applied to “ultra-large” datasets, such as U.S. decennial censuses. A fast inference framework is presented,…

有限聚类数量下分位数过程的推断AI 解读

I introduce a generic method for inference on entire quantile and regression quantile processes in the presence of a finite number of large and arbitrarily heterogeneous clusters. The method asymptotically controls size by generating statistics that exhibit enough distributional symmetry such that randomization tests can be applied. The randomization test does not require ex-ante matching of clusters, is free of user-chosen parameters, and performs well at conventional…

通过条件分位数回归估计无条件分位数偏效应AI 解读

This paper develops a semi-parametric procedure for estimation of unconditional quantile partial effects using quantile regression coefficients. The estimator is based on an identification result showing that, for continuous covariates, unconditional quantile effects are a weighted average of conditional ones at particular quantile levels that depend on the covariates. We propose a two-step estimator for the unconditional effects where in the first step one estimates a…

高维环境下的分布反事实分析AI 解读

In the context of treatment effect estimation, this paper proposes a new methodology to recover the counterfactual distribution when there is a single (or a few) treated unit and possibly a high-dimensional number of potential controls observed in a panel structure. The methodology accommodates, albeit does not require, the number of units to be larger than the number of time periods (high-dimensional setup). As opposed to model only the conditional mean, we propose to model…

异质节点网络向量自回归的联合估计与分组识别AI 解读

Individuals or companies in a large social or financial network often display rather heterogeneous behaviors for various reasons. In this work, we propose a network vector autoregressive model with a latent group structure to model heterogeneous dynamic patterns observed from network nodes, for which group-wise network effects and time-invariant fixed-effects can be naturally incorporated. In our framework, the model parameters and network node memberships can be…