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允许非强因子的面板回归：因子与载荷增广估计AI 解读

This article considers linear panel data models where the dependence of the regressors and the unobservables is modeled through a factor structure. The number of time periods and the sample size both go to infinity. Unlike in most existing methods for the estimation of this type of models, nonstrong factors are allowed and the number of factors can grow to infinity with the sample size. We study a class of two-step estimators of the regression coefficients. In the first…

以调查回答行为代理未观测能力：理论与证据AI 解读

An emerging literature is experimenting with using survey response behavior as a proxy for hard-to-measure abilities. We contribute to this literature by formalizing this idea and evaluating its benefits and risks. Using a standard and nationally representative survey from Australia, we demonstrate that the survey item-response rate (SIRR), a straightforward summary measure of response behavior, varies more with cognitive than with noncognitive ability. We evaluate whether…

异质数据的极值估计AI 解读

We develop a universal econometric formulation of empirical power laws possibly driven by parameter heterogeneity. Our approach extends classical extreme value theory to specifying the tail behavior of the empirical distribution of a general dataset with possibly heterogeneous marginal distributions. We discuss several model examples that satisfy our conditions and demonstrate in simulations how heterogeneity may generate empirical power laws. We observe a cross-sectional…

高维白噪声的自助检验AI 解读

The testing of white-noise (WN) is an essential step in time series analysis. In a high dimensional set-up, most existing methods either are computationally infeasible, or suffer from highly distorted Type-I errors, or both. We propose an easy-to-implement bootstrap method for high-dimensional WN test and prove its consistency for a variety of test statistics. Its power properties as well as extensions to WN tests based on fitted residuals are also considered. Simulation…

预测回归向门限预测回归变化的结构检验AI 解读

This article investigates two test statistics for testing structural changes and thresholds in predictive regression models. The generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) test is proposed for the stationary predictor and the generalized F test is suggested for the persistent predictor. Under the null hypothesis of no structural change and threshold, it is shown that the GLR test statistic converges to a function of a centered Gaussian process, and the generalized F test statistic…

稀疏性诱导的弱因子模型估计AI 解读

This article investigates estimation of sparsity-induced weak factor (sWF) models, with large cross-sectional and time-series dimensions (N and T, respectively). It assumes that the kth largest eigenvalue of a data covariance matrix grows proportionally to Nαk with unknown exponents 0<αk≤1 for k=1,…,r. Employing the same rotation of the principal components (PC) estimator, the growth rate αk is linked to the degree of sparsity of kth factor loadings. This is much weaker than…

核平均估计量AI 解读

The issue of bandwidth selection is a fundamental model selection problem stemming from the uncertainty about the smoothness of the regression. In this article, we advocate a model averaging approach to circumvent the problem caused by this uncertainty. Our new approach involves averaging across a series of Nadaraya-Watson kernel estimators each under a different bandwidth, with weights for these different estimators chosen such that a least-squares cross-validation…

稀疏性诱导的弱因子模型推断AI 解读

In this article, we consider statistical inference for high-dimensional approximate factor models. We posit a weak factor structure, in which the factor loading matrix can be sparse and the signal eigenvalues may diverge more slowly than the cross-sectional dimension, N. We propose a novel inferential procedure to decide whether each component of the factor loadings is zero or not, and prove that this controls the false discovery rate (FDR) below a preassigned level, while…

高维时间序列条件协方差矩阵预测：广义动态因子方法AI 解读

Based on a General Dynamic Factor Model with infinite-dimensional factor space and MGARCH volatility models, we develop new estimation and forecasting procedures for conditional covariance matrices in high-dimensional time series. The finite-sample performance of our approach is evaluated via Monte Carlo experiments and outperforms the most alternative methods. This new approach is also used to construct minimum one-step-ahead variance portfolios for a high-dimensional panel…

网络演化的时间序列方法：预测与估计AI 解读

The article analyzes nonnegative multivariate time series which we interpret as weighted networks. We introduce a model where each coordinate of the time series represents a given edge across time. The number of time periods is treated as large compared to the size of the network. The model specifies the temporal evolution of a weighted network that combines classical autoregression with nonnegativity, a positive probability of vanishing, and peer effect interactions between…

利用日度基金收益检验市场择时能力AI 解读

Using daily mutual fund returns to estimate market timing, some econometric issues, including heteroscedasticity, correlated errors, and heavy tails, make the traditional least-squares estimate in Treynor–Mazuy and Henriksson–Merton models biased and severely distort the t-test size. Using ARMA-GARCH models, weighted least-squares estimate to ensure a normal limit, and random weighted bootstrap method to quantify uncertainty, we find more funds with positive timing ability…

高维情形下基于最优收缩的投资组合选择AI 解读

In this article, we estimate the mean-variance portfolio in the high-dimensional case using the recent results from the theory of random matrices. We construct a linear shrinkage estimator which is distribution-free and is optimal in the sense of maximizing with probability 1 the asymptotic out-of-sample expected utility, that is, mean-variance objective function for different values of risk aversion coefficient which in particular leads to the maximization of the…

基于核化Stein差异的多变量时间序列误差分布检验AI 解读

Knowing the error distribution is important in many multivariate time series applications. To alleviate the risk of error distribution mis-specification, testing methodologies are needed to detect whether the chosen error distribution is correct. However, the majority of existing tests only deal with the multivariate normal distribution for some special multivariate time series models, and thus cannot be used for testing the often observed heavy-tailed and skewed error…

倾向得分估计中的最优协变量平衡条件AI 解读

Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) is a popular method for estimating the average treatment effect (ATE). However, empirical studies show that the IPTW estimators can be sensitive to the misspecification of the propensity score model. To address this problem, researchers have proposed to estimate propensity score by directly optimizing the balance of pretreatment covariates. While these methods appear to empirically perform well, little is known about how the…

融合专家意见的综合指数构造AI 解读

Composite index is a powerful and popularly used tool in providing an overall measure of a subject by summarizing a group of measurements (component indices) of different aspects of the subject. It is widely used in economics, finance, policy evaluation, performance ranking, and many other fields. Effective construction of a composite index has been studied extensively. The most widely used approach is to use a linear combination of the component indices, where the…

具有内生投入与相关随机成分的面板随机前沿模型AI 解读

In this article, we consider a panel stochastic frontier model in which the composite error term εit has four components, that is, εit=τi−ηi+vit−uit, where ηi and uit are persistent and transient inefficiency components, τi consists of the random firm effects and vit is the random noise. Two distinguishing features of the proposed model are (i) the inputs are allowed to be correlated with one or more of the error components in the production function; (ii) time-invariant and…

零收益过程非平稳时的波动率估计AI 解读

Financial returns are frequently nonstationary due to the nonstationary distribution of zeros. In daily stock returns, for example, the nonstationarity can be due to an upwards trend in liquidity over time, which may lead to a downwards trend in the zero-probability. In intraday returns, the zero-probability may be periodic: It is lower in periods where the opening hours of the main financial centers overlap, and higher otherwise. A nonstationary zero-process invalidates…

空间自回归模型的高阶最小二乘推断AI 解读

We develop refined inference for spatial regression models with predetermined regressors. The ordinary least squares estimate of the spatial parameter is neither consistent nor asymptotically normal, unless the elements of the spatial weight matrix uniformly vanish as sample size diverges. We develop refined testing of the hypothesis of no spatial dependence, without requiring such negligibility of spatial weights, by formal Edgeworth expansions. We also develop such…

空间样本选择模型估计：部分极大似然方法AI 解读

We study estimation of sample selection models with the spatially lagged latent dependent variable or spatial errors in both the selection and outcome equations under cross-sectional dependence. Since there is no estimation framework for the spatial-lag model and the existing estimators for the spatial-error model are computationally demanding or have poor small sample properties, we suggest to estimate these models by the partial maximum likelihood estimator. We show that…

含不可观测异质性的空间面板分位数模型AI 解读

This paper introduces a spatial panel quantile model with unobserved heterogeneity. The proposed model is capable of capturing high-dimensional cross-sectional dependence and allows heterogeneous regression coefficients. For estimating model parameters, a new estimation procedure is proposed. When both the time and cross-sectional dimensions of the panel go to infinity, the uniform consistency and the asymptotic normality of the estimated parameters are established. In order…

谁应接种疫苗？SIR 网络上的个性化疫苗分配AI 解读

How to allocate vaccines over heterogeneous individuals is one of the important policy decisions in pandemic times. This paper develops a procedure to estimate an individualized vaccine allocation policy under limited supply, exploiting social network data containing individual demographic characteristics and health status. We model the spillover effects of vaccination based on a Heterogeneous-Interacted-SIR network model and estimate an individualized vaccine allocation…

地理位置不匹配数据的空间计量方法AI 解读

We produce methodology for regression analysis when the geographic locations of the independent and dependent variables do not coincide, in which case we speak of misaligned data. We develop and investigate two complementary methods for regression analysis with misaligned data that circumvent the need to estimate or specify the covariance of the regression errors. We carry out a detailed reanalysis of Maccini and Yang (2009) and find economically significant quantitative…

大规模空间自回归模型的高效闭式估计AI 解读

Newton-step approximations to pseudo maximum likelihood estimates of spatial autoregressive models with a large number of parameters are examined, in the sense that the parameter space grows slowly as a function of sample size. These have the same asymptotic efficiency properties as maximum likelihood under Gaussianity but are of closed form. Hence they are computationally simple and free from compactness assumptions, thereby avoiding two notorious pitfalls of implicitly…

疫情时间趋势的非参数比较：COVID-19 案例AI 解读

The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most pressing issues at present. A question which is particularly important for governments and policy makers is the following: Does the virus spread in the same way in different countries? Or are there significant differences in the development of the epidemic? In this paper, we devise new inference methods that allow to detect differences in the development of the COVID-19 epidemic across countries in a statistically rigorous way. In our…