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保序分布回归AI 解读

Abstract Isotonic distributional regression (IDR) is a powerful non-parametric technique for the estimation of conditional distributions under order restrictions. In a nutshell, IDR learns conditional distributions that are calibrated, and simultaneously optimal relative to comprehensive classes of relevant loss functions, subject to isotonicity constraints in terms of a partial order on the covariate space. Non-parametric isotonic quantile regression and non-parametric…

利用时变波动率识别 VAR：内生不确定性应用AI 解读

We develop a structural vector autoregression with stochastic volatility in which one of the variables can impact both the mean and the variance of the other variables. We provide conditional posterior distributions for this model, develop an MCMC algorithm for estimation, and show how stochastic volatility can be used to provide useful restrictions for the identification of structural shocks. We then use the model with US data to show that some variables have a significant…

含非线性解释变量的结构动态模型脉冲响应分析AI 解读

We study the construction of nonlinear impulse responses in linear structural dynamic models that include nonlinearly transformed regressors. We derive the closed-form solution for the population impulse responses to a given shock and propose a control function approach to estimating these responses without taking a stand on how the remainder of the model is identified. Our plug-in estimator dispenses with the need for simulations and, unlike conventional local projection…

大型向量自回归中的潜在群组识别AI 解读

This work introduces the stochastic block vector autoregressive (SB-VAR) model. In this class of vector autoregressions, the time series are partitioned into latent groups such that spillover effects are stronger among series that belong to the same group than otherwise. A key question that arises in this framework is how to detect the latent groups from a sample of observations generated by the model. To this end, we propose a group detection algorithm based on the…

贝叶斯代理工具变量 SVAR 的推断AI 解读

Motivated by the increasing use of external instruments to identify structural vector autoregressions (SVARs), we develop an algorithm for exact finite sample inference in this class of time series models, commonly known as Proxy-SVARs. Our algorithm makes independent draws from any posterior distribution over the structural parameterization of a Proxy-SVAR. Our approach allows researchers to simultaneously use proxies and traditional zero and sign restrictions to identify…

利用高阶无条件矩识别结构向量自回归AI 解读

This paper pursues two objectives. First, we determine the sufficient condition for local, statistical identification of SVAR processes through the third and fourth unconditional moments of the reduced-form innovations. Our findings provide novel insights when the entire system is not identified, as they highlight which subset of structural parameters is identified and which is not. Second, we elaborate a tractable testing procedure to verify whether the identification…

外部工具变量识别的结构VAR推断AI 解读

This paper studies Structural Vector Autoregressions in which a structural shock of interest (e.g., an oil supply shock) is identified using an external instrument. The external instrument is taken to be correlated with the target shock (the instrument is relevant) and to be uncorrelated with other shocks of the model (the instrument is exogenous). The potential weak correlation between the external instrument and the target structural shock compromises the large-sample…

单指数 copula 模型的半参数估计与变量选择AI 解读

Summary A copula with a flexibly dependence structure can capture complexity and heterogeneity in economic and financial time series. Based on the recently proposed single‐index copula, we propose a simultaneous variable selection and estimation procedure. This method allows for choosing the most relevant state variables by using a penalized estimation with large sample properties derived. Simulation results demonstrate the good performance of the method in selecting…

简约式因子扩展 VAR：利用稀疏性纳入具有经济含义的因子AI 解读

Summary Induced sparsity in the factor loading matrix identifies the factor basis, while rotational identification is obtained ex post by clustering methods closely related to machine learning. We extract meaningful economic concepts from a high‐dimensional data set, which together with observed variables follow an unrestricted, reduced‐form VAR process. Including a comprehensive set of economic concepts allows reliable, fundamental structural analysis, even of the factor…

利用期权数据推断金融泡沫AI 解读

Summary Financial bubbles arise when the underlying asset's market price deviates from its fundamental value. Unlike other bubble tests that use time series data and assume a reduced‐form price process, we infer the existence of bubbles nonparametrically using option price data. Under no‐arbitrage and acknowledging data constraints, we can partially identify asset price bubbles using a cross section of European option prices. In the empirical analysis, we obtain interval…

人工对照的反事实分析：推断、高维与非平稳性AI 解读

Recently, there has been growing interest in developing statistical tools to conduct counterfactual analysis with aggregate data when a single “treated” unit suffers an intervention, such as a policy change, and there is no obvious control group. Usually, the proposed methods are based on the construction of an artificial counterfactual from a pool of “untre ated” peers, organized in a panel data structure. In this article, we consider a general framework for counterfactual…

反事实与合成控制的精确稳健共形推断方法AI 解读

We introduce new inference procedures for counterfactual and synthetic control methods for policy evaluation. We recast the causal inference problem as a counterfactual prediction and a structural breaks testing problem. This allows us to exploit insights from conformal prediction and structural breaks testing to develop permutation inference procedures that accommodate modern high-dimensional estimators, are valid under weak and easy-to-verify conditions, and are provably…

因果面板数据模型的矩阵补全方法AI 解读

In this paper we study methods for estimating causal effects in settings with panel data, where some units are exposed to a treatment during some periods and the goal is estimating counterfactual (untreated) outcomes for the treated unit/period combinations. We propose a class of matrix completion estimators that uses the observed elements of the matrix of control outcomes corresponding to untreated unit/periods to impute the "missing" elements of the control outcome matrix,…

利用互联网搜索数据与 PRISM 预测失业保险初次申请人数AI 解读

Big data generated from the Internet offer great potential for predictive analysis. Here we focus on using online users’ Internet search data to forecast unemployment initial claims weeks into the future, which provides timely insights into the direction of the economy. To this end, we present a novel method Penalized Regression with Inferred Seasonality Module (PRISM), which uses publicly available online search data from Google. PRISM is a semiparametric method, motivated…

刻画有向脑网络的贝叶斯状态空间方法AI 解读

The human brain is a directional network system of brain regions involving directional connectivity. Seizures are a directional network phenomenon as abnormal neuronal activities start from a seizure onset zone (SOZ) and propagate to otherwise healthy regions. To localize the SOZ of an epileptic patient, clinicians use intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) to record the patient’s intracranial brain activity in many small regions. iEEG data are high-dimensional…

条件风险价值与条件预期损失的高效回测AI 解读

–Given the importance of backtesting risk models and forecasts for financial institutions and regulators, we develop an efficient empirical likelihood backtest for either conditional value-at-risk or conditional expected shortfall when the given risk variable is modeled by an ARMA-GARCH process. Using a two-step procedure, the proposed backtests require less finite moments than existing backtests, allowing for robustness to heavier tails. Furthermore, we add a constraint on…

具有乘法分量的比例风险模型的光滑回代估计AI 解读

Smooth backfitting has proven to have a number of theoretical and practical advantages in structured regression. By projecting the data down onto the structured space of interest smooth backfitting provides a direct link between data and estimator. This article introduces the ideas of smooth backfitting to survival analysis in a proportional hazard model, where we assume an underlying conditional hazard with multiplicative components. We develop asymptotic theory for the…

《文本选择》一文的讨论AI 解读

Kelly, Manela, and Moreira provided an economic model of word choice in text. A writer is modeled as someone who is first choosing whether to use a word at all (selection problem) and then deciding how often a selected word should be used (positive counts problem). The resulting model leads to better sufficient reduction for large number of words/phrases in the text as demonstrated many diverse applications that use information captured from the text of the front page of the…

文本选择AI 解读

Text data is ultra-high dimensional, which makes machine learning techniques indispensable for textual analysis. Text is often selected—journalists, speechwriters, and others craft messages to target their audiences’ limited attention. We develop an economically motivated high-dimensional selection model that improves learning from text (and from sparse counts data more generally). Our model is especially useful when the choice to include a phrase is more interesting than…

价格股利比与长期股票收益：得分驱动的状态空间模型AI 解读

Abstract–In this article, we develop a general framework to analyze state space models with time-varying system matrices, where time variation is driven by the score of the conditional likelihood. We derive a new filter that allows for the simultaneous estimation of the state vector and of the time-varying matrices. We use this method to study the time-varying relationship between the price dividend ratio, expected stock returns and expected dividend growth in the United…

具有观测驱动动态因子载荷的闭式多因子 Copula 模型AI 解读

We develop new multi-factor dynamic copula models with time-varying factor loadings and observation-driven dynamics. The new models are highly flexible, scalable to high dimensions, and ensure positivity of covariance and correlation matrices. A closed-form likelihood expression allows for straightforward parameter estimation and likelihood inference. We apply the new model to a large panel of 100 U.S. stocks over the period 2001–2014. The proposed multi-factor structure is…

局部矩的广义跳跃回归AI 解读

We develop new high-frequency-based inference procedures for analyzing the relationship between jumps in instantaneous moments of stochastic processes. The estimation consists of two steps: the nonparametric determination of the jumps as differences in local averages, followed by a minimum-distance type estimation of the parameters of interest under general loss functions that include both least-square and more robust quantile regressions as special cases. The resulting…

分位数格兰杰因果性的度量AI 解读

We consider measures of Granger causality in quantiles, which detect and quantify both linear and nonlinear causal effects between random variables. The measures are based on nonparametric quantile regressions and defined as logarithmic functions of restricted and unrestricted expectations of quantile check loss functions. They can consistently be estimated by replacing the unknown expectations of check loss functions by their nonparametric kernel estimates. We derive a…

预测支配关系的一般条件AI 解读

Recent studies have analyzed whether one forecast method dominates another under a class of consistent scoring functions. While the existing literature focuses on empirical tests of forecast dominance, little is known about the theoretical conditions under which one forecast dominates another. To address this question, we derive a new characterization of dominance among forecasts of the mean functional. We present various scenarios under which dominance occurs. Unlike…