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存在协整关系时的非线性最小化估计AI 解读

In this paper, we consider estimation of a long-run and a short-run parameter jointly in the presence of nonlinearities. The theory developed establishes limit behavior of minimization estimators of the long-run and short-run parameters jointly. Typically, if the long-run parameter that is present in a cointegrating relationship is estimated, its estimator will be superconsistent. Therefore, we may conjecture that the joint minimization estimation of both parameters jointly…

资产定价模型的实证评价：SDF方法与贝塔方法的比较AI 解读

ABSTRACT The stochastic discount factor (SDF) method provides a unified general framework for econometric analysis of asset‐pricing models. There have been concerns that, compared to the classical beta method, the generality of the SDF method comes at the cost of efficiency in parameter estimation and power in specification tests. We establish the correct framework for comparing the two methods and show that the SDF method is as efficient as the beta method for estimating…

参数位于边界时的广义矩估计AI 解读

This article establishes the asymptotic distributions of generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators when the true parameter lies on the boundary of the parameter space. The conditions allow the estimator objective function to be nonsmooth and to depend on preliminary estimators. The boundary of the parameter space may be curved and/or kinked. The article discusses three examples: (1) instrumental variables (IV) estimation of a regression model with nonlinear equality…

广义矩方法、有效自助法与推断改进AI 解读

Generalized method of moments (GMM) has been an important innovation in econometrics. Its usefulness has motivated a search for good inference procedures based on GMM. This article presents a novel method of bootstrapping for GMM based on resampling from the empirical likelihood distribution that imposes the moment restrictions. We show that this approach yields a large-sample improvement and is efficient, and give examples. We also discuss the development of GMM and other…

基于模拟的矩方法与效率AI 解读

The method of moments is based on a relation E[superscript theta[subscript 0]](h(X[subscript t, theta)) = 0, from which an estimator of theta is deduced. In many econometric models, the moment restrictions can not be evaluated numerically due to, for instance, the presence of a latent variable. Monte Carlo simulations method make possible the evaluation of the generalized method of moments (GMM) criterion. This is the basis for the simulated method of moments. Another…

广义矩方法AI 解读

We provide a brief overview of applications of generalized method of moments in finance. The models examined in the empirical finance literature, especially in the asset pricing area, often imply moment conditions that can be used in a straight forward way to estimate the model parameters without making strong assumptions regarding the stochastic properties of variables observed by the econometrician. Typically the number of moment conditions available to the econometrician…

Sargan 的工具变量估计与广义矩方法AI 解读

This article surveys J. D. Sargan's work on instrumental variables (IV) estimation and its connections with the generalized method of moments (GMM). First the modeling context in which Sargan motivated IV estimation is presented. Then the theory of IV estimation as developed by Sargan is discussed. His approach to efficiency, his minimax estimator, tests of overidentification and underidentification, and his later work on the finite-sample properties of IV estimators are…

广义矩方法中的弱工具变量与弱识别综述AI 解读

Weak instruments arise when the instruments in linear instrumental variables (IV) regression are weakly correlated with the included endogenous variables. In generalized method of moments (GMM), more generally, weak instruments correspond to weak identification of some or all of the unknown parameters. Weak identification leads to GMM statistics with nonnormal distributions, even in large samples, so that conventional IV or GMM inferences are misleading. Fortunately, various…

广义矩估计与经验似然AI 解读

Generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation has become an important unifying framework for inference in econometrics in the last 20 years. It can be thought of as encompassing almost all of the common estimation methods, such as maximum likelihood, ordinary least squares, instrumental variables, and two-stage least squares, and nowadays is an important part of all advanced econometrics textbooks. The GMM approach links nicely to economic theory where orthogonality…

序列相关与厚尾分布下均值的稳健推断AI 解读

The problem of statistical inference for the mean of a time series with possibly heavy tails is considered. We first show that the self-normalized sample mean has a well-defined asymptotic distribution. Subsampling theory is then used to develop asymptotically correct confidence intervals for the mean without knowledge (or explicit estimation) either of the dependence characteristics, or of the tail index. Using a symmetrization technique, we also construct a distribution…

Canova–Hansen 检验在局部备择下的极限性质AI 解读

This paper investigates the limiting properties of the Canova and Hansen test, testing for the null hypothesis of no unit root against seasonal unit roots, under a sequence of local alternatives with the model extended to have seasonal dummies and trends or no deterministic term and also only seasonal dummies. We derive the limiting distribution of the test statistic and its characteristic function under local alternatives. We find that the local limiting power is an inverse…

若干高崩溃点估计量的渐近理论AI 解读

High breakdown point estimators in regression are robust against gross contamination in the regressors and also in the errors; the least median of squares (LMS) estimator has the additional property of packing the majority of the sample most tightly around the estimated regression hyperplane in terms of absolute deviations of the residuals and thus is helpful in identifying outliers. Asymptotics for a class of high breakdown point smoothed LMS estimators are derived here…

回归模型非参数设定检验的最优极小极大速率AI 解读

In the context of testing the specification of a nonlinear parametric regression function, we adopt a nonparametric minimax approach to determine the maximum rate at which a set of smooth alternatives can approach the null hypothesis while ensuring that a test can uniformly detect any alternative in this set with some predetermined power. We show that a smooth nonparametric test has optimal asymptotic minimax properties for regular alternatives. As a by-product, we obtain…

不稳定解释变量回归中普通最小二乘估计量的渐近有效性AI 解读

For regression models with general unstable regressors having characteristic roots on the unit circle and general stationary errors independent of the regressors, sufficient conditions are investigated under which the ordinary least squares estimator (OLSE) is asymptotically efficient in that it has the same limiting distribution as the generalized least squares estimator (GLSE) under the same normalization. A key condition for the asymptotic efficiency of the OLSE is that…

变换模型的秩估计量AI 解读

We establish [square root] n -consistency and asymptotic normality of Han's (1987a, Journal of Econometrics 35, 191–209) estimator of the parameters characterizing the transformation function in a semiparametric transformation model. We verify a Vapnik–Cervonenkis (VC) condition for the parameterizations of Box and Cox (1964, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 34, 187–200) and Bickel and Doksum (1981, Journal of the American Statistical Association 76,…

k 步统计量与极值统计量的高阶渐近效率等价性AI 解读

It is well known that a one-step scoring estimator that starts from any N 1/2 -consistent estimator has the same first-order asymptotic efficiency as the maximum likelihood estimator. This paper extends this result to k -step estimators and test statistics for k ≥ 1, higher order asymptotic efficiency, and general extremum estimators and test statistics. The paper shows that a k -step estimator has the same higher order asymptotic efficiency, to any given order, as the…

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Satterthwaite 比值类的鞍点近似与自助法推断AI 解读

Saddlepoint approximations are developed for the distributions of Satterthwaite F-type statistics that arise in ANOVA with balanced random-effects models. Such statistics are commonly used in variance component testing and confidence interval construction, because exact F pivotals usually do not exist. The approximations are shown to be uniform in their right tails, and the limiting relative errors for distribution approximations are determined. Based on these…

中位数回归模型线性性的自适应速率最优检验AI 解读

This article is concerned with testing the hypothesis that a conditional median function is linear against a nonparametric alternative with unknown smoothness. We develop a test that is uniformly consistent against alternatives whose distance from the linear model converges to zero at the fastest possible rate. The test does not require knowledge of the distribution of the model's random noise component, and it permits conditional heteroscedasticity of unknown form. The…

不变性、可识别性与形态测量AI 解读

The form of an object is that characteristic that remains invariant under a group of transformations comprising translation, rotation, and possibly reflection. Group invariance thus naturally plays an important role in the statistical analysis of forms. We examine the existing methods for the statistical analysis of form from the invariance perspective. We begin with a review of the important basic ideas behind invariance and derive a maximal invariant under the group of…