论文检索

Cronholm–Revusky 秩检验的性质AI 解读

Cronholm and Revusky [4] have proposed a rank test based on independent subexperiments for the comparison of a treatment effect with a control when the treatment is destructive but the control produces at most a transient effect. This article provides a thorough study of its performance under two sampling situations. With the aid of a computer, the exact small sample power of the test is evaluated for some important alternatives. A modification of the test is proposed for…

生猪日度价格与数量预测：不同预测技术的比较AI 解读

Relatively few investigations treat the problem of short-run or daily price and quantity variations. This study concerns forecasting daily hog prices and quantities in selected terminal markets in the U. S. by using various causal and noncausal models. The purpose is to examine the economic and mathematical characteristics of the time series data, and then compare the developed models in terms of their forecasting ability. The performance of each model is evaluated using the…

每日生猪价格与数量预测：不同预测技术的比较AI 解读

Relatively few investigations treat the problem of short-run or daily price and quantity variations. This study concerns forecasting daily hog prices and quantities in selected terminal markets in the U. S. by using various causal and noncausal models. The purpose is to examine the economic and mathematical characteristics of the time series data, and then compare the developed models in terms of their forecasting ability. The performance of each model is evaluated using the…

随机区组设计的样本量要求AI 解读

Techniques described in an earlier paper (Kastenbaum, Hoel Bowman, 1970), are used to generate tables of sample size requirements for testing treatment effects in a randomized block design. Maximum values of the standardized range of the treatment means are tabulated for k = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 treatments; b = 2, 3, 4, 5 blocks; 1 ≤ N ≤ 5 observations per cell; and α = 0.01, 0.05 and β = 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 levels of risk. To simplify the determination of sample sizes…

健康研究中的统计推断问题：以吸烟与肺癌争议为例AI 解读

Disagreement about the role of cigarette smoking in lung cancer is traced to three sources of confusion. In the first, there is lack of agreement as to the definition of terms and what is implied when a specific factor is said to be a cause of a particular disease. A suggested definition is offered to clarify one of the issues causing dissent. The second area of disagreement concerns the method of measuring the strength of the relationship in a 2 × 2 table, and whether the…

健康领域的统计推断问题：以吸烟与肺癌争论为例AI 解读

Disagreement about the role of cigarette smoking in lung cancer is traced to three sources of confusion. In the first, there is lack of agreement as to the definition of terms and what is implied when a specific factor is said to be a cause of a particular disease. A suggested definition is offered to clarify one of the issues causing dissent. The second area of disagreement concerns the method of measuring the strength of the relationship in a 2 × 2 table, and whether the…

There occurs on some occasions a difficulty in deciding the direction of causality between two related variables and also whether or not feedback is occurring. Testable definitions of causality and feedback are proposed and illustrated by use of simple two-variable models. The important problem of apparent instantaneous causality is discussed and it is suggested that the problem often arises due to slowness in recording information or because a sufficiently wide class of…

完全随机布局下裂区试验统计分析的若干方面AI 解读

The statistical analysis of completely randomized “split-plot” experiments is discussed from the point of view of the underlying multivariate model. In doing this, first certain well-known aspects of the parametric case are reviewed; however, attention is primarily directed toward the development of appropriate non-parametric procedures. The general structure of “split-plot” experiments involves N randomly chosen subjects to whom treatments have been assigned according to a…

将残差用作伴随协变量AI 解读

Suppose that there is correlation between the yields of successive or adjacent experimental units. An estimator of treatment effects using the residuals of adjacent plots as a concomitant variable is investigated. It is shown to be very close to the maximum likelihood estimator when the errors form a first-order autoregressive series.

利用随机分配控制选择偏差AI 解读

In comparing two treatments, suppose the suitable subjects arrive sequentially and must be treated at once. In such situations, if the experiment calls for fixed treatment numbers, the experimenter can, using his knowledge of the number of treatments that have been assigned, bias the experiment by his selection of subjects. If we consider the method of assigning treatments as an experimental design, Blackwell & Hodges (1957) have shown that the minimax design is the…

将残差用作伴随变量AI 解读

Suppose that there is correlation between the yields of successive or adjacent experimental units. An estimator of treatment effects using the residuals of adjacent plots as a concomitant variable is investigated. It is shown to be very close to the maximum likelihood estimator when the errors form a first-order autoregressive series.

一般平衡设计中的信息合并AI 解读

Summary A general method is proposed for combining information in generally balanced designs when estimates of treatment effects are available from more than one stratum. Estimates of stratum variances are obtained by equating residual sum of squares in each stratum to their expectations, using the ML estimates of treatment effects. Weights may be given, the solution then being explicit, or fitted, in which case iteration is required. The results of a Monte Carlo study are…

用于因果分析与规划的新型收入不平等度量AI 解读

A new system of inequality indicators is introduced in the paper. It has been elaborated for measuring income inequalities, but can serve as inequality measures for other phenomena as well. The new indicators not only measure the degree of the inequality but are also suitable for measuring its economic motivation. Properties of the new measures, including large sample properties of their estimators, are discussed. The case of the lognormal distribution is of special…

协变量不受控制时协方差分析的结构回归方法AI 解读

Analysis of covariance, with a single covariable in a randomized block design, is reconsidered in terms of structural regression. In practice, the covariable is often times uncontrolled, both in the experiment and in repeated sampling, and may follow a linear model as does the variable of interest. If the covariable is unaffected by treatments, then the covariable model may contain a block effect through no treatment effect. When such a model is adequate, the treatment…

协变量不受控制时协方差分析的结构回归方法AI 解读

Analysis of covariance, with a single covariable in a randomized block design, is reconsidered in terms of structural regression. In practice, the covariable is often times uncontrolled, both in the experiment and in repeated sampling, and may follow a linear model as does the variable of interest. If the covariable is unaffected by treatments, then the covariable model may contain a block effect through no treatment effect. When such a model is adequate, the treatment…

含不可控预测变量的随机实验：复合假设的渐近最优检验AI 解读

The paper is concerned with randomized experiments with one treatment. Two randomization schemes are considered: randomized pairs and unrestricted randomization. If effective at all, the treatment is supposed to affect the conditional distribution of the “experimental” variable Y given another variable X, called “predictor”. The distribution of X is not affected by the treatment. Using the general theory published elsewhere, the paper deduces the locally asymptotically…

摘要暂缺

利用财富比较家庭平均储蓄AI 解读

To identify the determinants of saving, cross-sectional studies of households usually collect and compare the current values of variables. A frequent difficulty is correlation of the known variables with unknown characteristics of households. Stratification of the sample may not always eliminate such correlation, making for biased estimates. A method of avoiding the bias is to sum the regression equation over the working life of the head of each household, which eliminates…

利用财富比较家庭平均储蓄AI 解读

To identify the determinants of saving, cross-sectional studies of households usually collect and compare the current values of variables. A frequent difficulty is correlation of the known variables with unknown characteristics of households. Stratification of the sample may not always eliminate such correlation, making for biased estimates. A method of avoiding the bias is to sum the regression equation over the working life of the head of each household, which eliminates…

预测案例研究：西瓜市场AI 解读

This paper discusses two forecasting experiments involving models of the watermelon market. The first experiment compares the forecasts of an interdependent model estimated by limited information, single equation with those of a model using least squares reduced form. The second experiment compares the forecasts of the interdependent model with those of a causal chain model. It is found that the forecasts of the interdependent model are generally better than those of the…

GCL 估计量精确有限样本分布函数在计量统计推断中的应用评述AI 解读

When employed in connection with econometric models that have a sufficiently high degree of cognitive significance (as measured by the extent to which underlying economic premises are actually elucidated into empirically testable implications) qualitative analysis of the exact finite sample distribution functions of GCL estimators of structural parameters finds its paramount use in delimiting the precision with which structural coefficients can be estimated. This kind of…

经济关系非三角系统的因果解释：再回应AI 解读

The Strotz-Wold Reply, however, penetrates to the heart of the issue, almost, and it will probably be illuminating to make a rejoinder. To begin with I should like to say that they are justified in taking exception to the unfortunate wording of the headnote. Though, when applied to the sequence of recipes given out by Wold, my remarks do not lack for verisimilitude, they are certainly not true to the letter of the Strotz-Wold article, and I should have taken pains not to…

摘要暂缺

摘要暂缺